MAPEH - Music

• Medieval period


  Also called Middle Ages, referring to the period between the fall of the Roman empire and the age of reawakening and discovery
• Music of the Medieval period

  • Based upon religious subject
  • Choirs expressed faith through beautiful melodies
• Magnificent works of architecture, sculpture, painting, music and poetry appeared

  13th century
• Types of music created during the Middle Ages

  • Music for the knights
  • For the nobles in the castles
  • Chants for the priests
• Only the church music was preserved
• Notation system


  Devised to notate and copy music
• Church music spread and taught to succeeding generations
• Gregorian Chant


  Official music of the Roman Catholic Church, named after Pope Gregory I.
• Text settings in Gregorian Chant

  • Syllabic
  • Neumatic
  • Melismatic
  • Psalmodic
• Church Modes


  Scale used in both secular and sacred music. Composed of 7 different tones and an eighth note that duplicates the first note an octave higher.
• Development of melody

  • Transformed into one or more parts accompanying the original chant
  • monophonic in texture
• Guillaume de Machaut


  French poet and composer, 1st to write a polyphonic setting of the mass ordinary, using the ars nova technique of isorhythm
• Organum


  An early church polyphony, consisting of a Gregorian chant and one or more musical lines above the chant
• Motet


  One new voice above the plainchant, making 3 or 4 voice compositions, the most important form of polyphonic music
• Parts of the Mass

  • Kyrie
  • Gloria
  • Credo
  • Sanctus
  • Agnus Dei
• Troubadours


  Came from the word "trobar" meaning "to compose", "to discuss" or "to find". Performed chivalry and courtly romantic music for both commoners and nobility
• Trouveres


  Composer-performers, the counterparts of the troubadours in Germany were called minnesingers.
• Minstrels and jongleurs


  Acrobat performers, considered the lowest social level
• Adam de la Halle


  French trouvere, poet and composer, accomplished in rondeux, chansons, motets, and jeux-partis
• Musical instrument groups

  • Loud or outdoor (hauts)
  • Soft or indoor (bas)
• Loud (hauts) musical instruments

  • Trumpet
  • Sackbut
  • Shawm
  • Bagpipe
  • Nakers
  • Tabor
• Soft (bas) musical instruments

  • Flute
  • Recorder
  • Harp
  • Fiddle
  • Lute
  • Positive Organ
• Gregorian chant - Also called plainsong or plainchant. Set to sacred Latin text. Monophonic, does not have harmony or counterpoint. Originally an oral tradition, later notated.
• Who sings greagorian chant and how do they sing?

  male voices in unison
• Where is the gregorian neume written on?

  4-line staff
• What are the 3 music created in middle ages?

  music for knights, music for nobles in castles, and chants for priests
• There are 8 church modes: Authentic (Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian) and Plagal (Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hypolydian, Hypomixolydian)
• What are the 4 modes for authentic?

  dorian, phrygian, lydian, and mixolydian
• What are the 4 modes for Plagal?

  hypodorian, hypophrygian, hypolydian, and hypomixolydian
• Syllabic - there's one assigned note for each syllable of text
• Neumatic - a group of neumes is assigned to one syllable of text
• Melismatic - there are many notes assigned to one syllable, usually combining group of neumes
• Psalmodic - there are many syllable assigned to note or text
• where is church moddes used?

  secular and sacred music
• where is the word motet derived from?

  french word "mot" reffering to the words that were added to vocal lines
• who is the french trouvere, composer, and poet?

  adam de la halle
• what technique did guillame de machaut used?

  ars nova technique of isorhythm