LESSON 2

• Aims, goals, and objectives embedded in the 1987 Philippine Constitution


  • Inculcate patriotism
  • Foster love for humanity
  • Promote respect for human rights
  • Appreciate the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country
  • Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
  • Strengthen ethical and spiritual values
  • Develop moral character and personal discipline
  • Encourage critical and creative thinking
  • Broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency
• Aims according to Ralph Tyler


  • Developing self-realization
  • Making individuals literate
  • Encouraging social mobility
  • Providing the skills & understanding necessary for productive employment
  • Furnishing tools requisite for making effective choices regarding material & non-material things & services
  • Furnishing the tools, the necessary for continued learning
• Aims according to Ronald Doll


  • Intellectual aims- focus on the acquisition & comprehension of knowledge, and problem-solving skills, & methods of thinking
  • Social-personal- concerned with the ways in which people relate to other individuals & society & hoe individuals view themselves- address individual psychology, & how people fit into their families and communities
  • Productive aims- center on educating students to function within the home, on the job & as the citizen
• Aims according to Ornstein & Hunkins


  • Physical
  • Aesthetic
  • Moral
  • Spiritual
• Goals


  Specific, can be used as guidelines to achieve particular purposes
• In 1990, US president, George HW Bush and US governors listed 6 goals for US schools to reach by 2000, but none of these goals have been reached</b>
• Types of objectives

  • Educational
  • Behavioral
  • Non-behavioral
• Learning experiences should consider alternative ways in which enjoyment and learning might be conceptualized, and analyse the evidence from young people to explore their experience of enjoyment at school or college and their perception of its relationship to learning
• Learning environment


  The term encompasses learning resources and technology, means of teaching, modes of learning, and connections to societal and global contexts
• Characteristics of 21st century learning environment

  • Technology
  • Teachers as facilitators
  • Collaborative learning
  • Performance-based assessments
  • Adaptive learning
• Criteria for designing curriculum environments according to Brian Castaldi

  • Adequacy
  • Suitability
  • Efficiency
  • Economy
• Lang's criteria for optimal educational space

  • Volume
  • Illumination
  • Temperature
  • Communication
  • Material Finishes
• Aims, Goals, and Objectives embedded in the 1987 Philippine Constitution


  • Inculcate patriotism
  • Foster love for humanity
  • Promote respect for human rights
  • Appreciate the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country
  • Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
  • Strengthen ethical and spiritual values
  • Develop moral character and personal discipline
  • Encourage critical and creative thinking
  • Broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency
• Generating Aims (Ralph Tyler)

  • Developing self-realization
  • Making individuals literate
  • Encouraging social mobility
  • Providing the skills & understanding necessary for productive employment
  • Furnishing tools requisite for making effective choices regarding material & non-material things & services
  • Furnishing the tools, the necessary for continued learning
• Generating Aims (Ronald Doll)


  • Intellectual aims- focus on the acquisition & comprehension of knowledge, and problem-solving skills, & methods of thinking
  • Social-personal- concerned with the ways in which people relate to other individuals & society & hoe individuals view themselves- address individual psychology, & how people fit into their families and communities
  • Productive aims- center on educating students to function within the home, on the job & as the citizen
• Aims, Goals, and Objectives embedded in the 1987 Philippine Constitution


  • Inculcate patriotism
  • Foster love for humanity
  • Promote respect for human rights
  • Appreciate the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country
  • Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
  • Strengthen ethical and spiritual values
  • Develop moral character and personal discipline
  • Encourage critical and creative thinking
  • Broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency
• Generating Aims (Ralph Tyler)

  • Developing self-realization
  • Making individuals literate
  • Encouraging social mobility
  • Providing the skills & understanding necessary for productive employment
  • Furnishing tools requisite for making effective choices regarding material & non-material things & services
  • Furnishing the tools, the necessary for continued learning
• Generating Aims (Ronald Doll)


  • Intellectual aims- focus on the acquisition & comprehension of knowledge, and problem-solving skills, & methods of thinking
  • Social-personal- concerned with the ways in which people relate to other individuals & society & hoe individuals view themselves- address individual psychology, & how people fit into their families and communities
  • Productive aims- center on educating students to function within the home, on the job & as the citizen
• Aims, Goals, and Objectives embedded in the 1987 Philippine Constitution


  • Inculcate patriotism
  • Foster love for humanity
  • Promote respect for human rights
  • Appreciate the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country
  • Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
  • Strengthen ethical and spiritual values
  • Develop moral character and personal discipline
  • Encourage critical and creative thinking
  • Broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency
• Generating Aims (Ralph Tyler)

  • Developing self-realization
  • Making individuals literate
  • Encouraging social mobility
  • Providing the skills & understanding necessary for productive employment
  • Furnishing tools requisite for making effective choices regarding material & non-material things & services
  • Furnishing the tools, the necessary for continued learning
• Generating Aims (Ronald Doll)


  • Intellectual aims- focus on the acquisition & comprehension of knowledge, and problem-solving skills, & methods of thinking
  • Social-personal- concerned with the ways in which people relate to other individuals & society & hoe individuals view themselves- address individual psychology, & how people fit into their families and communities
  • Productive aims- center on educating students to function within the home, on the job & as the citizen
• Content and Subject Matter

  • Aim
  • Task
  • Enabling Task
  • Larger Concerns to the Nation
• Principles in Organizing Different Learning Content

  • Balance
  • Articulation
  • Sequence
  • Integration
  • Continuity
• Learning Experiences


  Criteria for selection of Learning Experiences
• Educational Environments


  The term encompasses learning resources and technology, means of teaching, modes of learning, and connections to societal and global contexts
• 21st Century Learning Environment

  • Technology
  • Teachers as facilitators
  • Collaborative learning
  • Performance-based assessments
  • Adaptive learning
• Technology


  Integrating technology into the classroom can make learning more fun and engaging and it can be help to provide students with essential skills that will prepare them for the environment they will enter as modern-day workers
• Teachers as facilitators


  Students play an active role in their learning and teachers serve as mere guides, putting student's interest first and focused on each student's needs, abilities and learning styles
• Collaborative learning


  One of the most effective forms of learning
• Performance-based assessments


  Regular performance-based assessments carried out by teachers through various methods which are not restricted to test
• Adaptive learning


  Gives students the freedom to learn at their own pace and in the way they are most comfortable with
• Curriculum planners must consider educational environments

  4 criteria: Adequacy, Suitability, Efficiency, Economy
• Lang's Criteria for Optimal Educational Space

  • Volume
  • Illumination
  • Temperature
  • Communication
  • Material Finishes