Chapter 6

• Lecturing


  An efficient means of introducing learners to new topics. Used to integrate and synthesize a large body of knowledge from several fields or sources and used to clarify difficult concepts.
• Disadvantages of lecture method


  • Few teachers are good lecturers who can delivered topics according to students level of understanding
  • Lecture method lends itself to the teaching of facts with little emphasis placed on problem-solving, decision making, analytical thinking, and transfer of learning
• Advantages of the lecture method


  • Allows uniformity of knowledge to be learned for all students in a class
  • It is economical and coast effective since only one is entrusted to deliver the topic
  • It helps develop students listening abilities
• Discussion


  Discussion retains some of the features of lecturing when the teacher still imparts the lessons to the students through interaction. This time she gives them the opportunity to share their insights or understanding of the topic. It may be formal or informal. It allows greater student teacher Interaction and or student to student interaction.
• Advantages of discussion method


  • Helps students learn the process of group problem-solving
  • Supports students' ways to develop and evaluate their beliefs and positions
  • Can foster attitude change through understanding and allow students freedom to assert their opinions or views hence, application of new knowledge takes place
  • Many students like and prefer this to other methods
• Disadvantages of the discussion


  • Students use more time to think and interact
  • Effective only in small groups
  • May not be an efficient way of communicating information because sharing takes time to settle specific discussions
  • Useful only if the participants come prepared with the needed background information
• Questioning and Answering Techniques


  A method used to engage individuals in thinking deeply about a topic, clarify their understanding, and stimulate further inquiry.
• Types of questions

  • Factual Questions
  • Probing Questions
  • Close Ended Questions
• Audiovisuals


  Materials or resources that use both sound and visual components. They are often used in presentations, educational settings, and entertainment to enhance the delivery of information.
• Examples of audiovisuals


  • Handouts
  • Chalkboards or Whiteboards
  • Powerpoint
  • Videotapes
• Interactive lecture


  A teaching method that engages students in the learning process by incorporating activities and discussions within the lecture. This approach encourages active participation, enhances understanding, and helps students retain information better.
• Cooperative learning


  Involves structuring small groups of learners who work together toward shared learning goals.
• Examples of cooperative learning


  • Jigsaw
  • Think-Pair-Share
  • Numbered-Head-Together
  • Talking Chips
  • Murder Script
• Disadvantages of cooperative learning

  • Students who are fast learners may lag behind
  • Learning gap may exist between the fast and slow learners
• Advantages of cooperative learning


  • Group members learn to function as part of a team
  • Teaches or enhances social skills
  • Inculcates the spirit of team building
• Writing to learn


  Actively influences students' dispositions towards thinking and takes active participation in learning.
• Concept-mapping


  Lends visual assistance to students when asked to demonstrate their thinking in a graphic manner to show interconnectedness of concepts or ideas.
• Debate


  A strategy that fosters critical thinking which requires in-depth recall of topics for supporting evidence and for developing one's position in a controversial issue.
• Simulations


  Practical exercises for the students representing controlled manipulation of reality. Simulations are intended to help learners develop decision-making and problem-solving skills, develop human interaction abilities and learn psychomotor skills in a safe and controlled setting.
• Problem-based learning


  An approach to learning that involves confronting students with real life problems which they are meant to solve on their own.
• Self-learning modules


  Completely doing away with traditional instruction. The student is provided with the materials needed for the learning process without the intervention of the teacher.
• Computer teaching strategies


  Various methods and tools that utilize technology to enhance the learning process.
• Examples of computer teaching strategies

  • CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction)
  • Internet
  • Virtual Reality
• CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction)


  Education programs and software that use computers to deliver lessons and interact with students. It helps students learn through interactive exercises, videos, quizzes, and even games providing immediate feedback and adapting to individual learning needs.
• Advantages of CAI


  • Cost-effectiveness
  • Flexibility
  • Freedom
  • Preparation for digital skills
  • Personalized learning
  • Immediate feedback
  • Accessibility
  • Engagement
  • Self-paced learning
• Disadvantages of CAI


  • Technical issues
  • Impersonal interactions
  • Overemphasis on screen time
  • Digital divide
  • Lack of immediate support
• Advantages of the internet


  • Access to information
  • Communication
  • Online education/e-learning
  • Online shopping and e-commerce
  • Entertainment
• The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices that communicate with each other using standardized protocols, allowing for the exchange of information and data across vast distances, enabling communications and various online services.
• The internet plays an important role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life including education, communication, business, entertainment, global interconnectedness and more.
• RAINING NEEDS


  • PRIVACY AND SECURITY CONCERNS
  • POTENTIAL FOR DISTRACTIONS
• ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET


  • ACCESS TO INFORMATION
  • COMMUNICATION
  • ONLINE EDUCATION/E-LEARNING
  • ONLINE SHOPPING AND E-COMMERCE
  • ENTERTAINMENT
• Internet


  A global network of interconnected computers and devices that communicate with each other using standardized protocols, allowing for the exchange of information and data across vast distances, enabling communications and various online services
• DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET


  • CYBERSECURITY RISKS
  • INFORMATION OVERLOAD
  • PRIVACY CONCERNS
  • DIGITAL DIVIDE
• Virtual Reality (VR)


  • Offers immersive experiences like virtual field trips, simulations, and historical periods
  • Allows students to practice real-world scenarios, from medical procedures to engineering challenges
  • Makes learning more engaging and helps students understand complex concepts better
  • Adapts to each student's pace, making learning personalized
  • Increases student attention and boosts motivation
  • Provides inclusive experiences for students with disabilities
  • Prepares students for future careers by allowing them to practice skills in realistic virtual environments
• DISADVANTAGES OF VR


  • Cost and Accessibility
  • Health and Safety Concerns
  • Potential for Distraction
• Interactive Television Classes


  A distance education method where live classes are broadcasted to multiple locations via television or video conferencing technology, allowing students in different geographical areas to participate in the same class in real-time
• Online/Distance Learning


  The various approaches and techniques educators use to effectively deliver instruction and facilitate learning in an online environment
• DISADVANTAGES IN DISTANCE LEARNING

  • Lack of face-to-face contact or non-interactive process with teacher
  • Some may not learn well with less structured educational experience
  • Technology problems which may be similar to systems shutting down and being inaccessible
  • Others may struggle to use technology while learning the content at the same time
• ADVANTAGES IN DISTANCE LEARNING


  • People from the rural areas or those who are homebound can have greater access to information and even educational degrees
  • A larger variety of courses are accessible
  • Ability to learn at one's own time frame, the self-directed nature of the learning experience and the opportunity to learn more about technology
• Phases of Skill Learning


  1. Getting the idea of the movement

  2. Fixation/diversification