PURCOM

• Communication

  The process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means, including speech, writing, graphical representations, signs, signals, and behavior
• Effective communication


  The process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, knowledge and information such that the purpose or intention is fulfilled in the best possible manner
• Characteristics of effective communication

  • Clear message
  • Correct message
  • Complete message
  • Precise message
  • Reliability
  • Consideration of the recipient
  • Sender's courtesy
• Effective communication skills

  • Observance
  • Clarity and brevity
  • Listening and understanding
  • Emotional intelligence
  • Self-efficacy
  • Self-confidence
  • Respectfulness
  • Non-verbal communication
  • Selection of the right medium
  • Providing feedback
• Communication process

  1. Sender encodes message

  2. Message transmitted through communication channel

  3. Receiver decodes message
• Encoding messages


  Translating the message into a form that can be conveyed by the communication channel
• Decoding messages


  The recipient needs to interpret the received message
• Feedback


  The recipient lets the sender know that they have received and understood the message
• Types of communication according to mode

  • Linguistic/alphabetic
  • Gestural
  • Aural
  • Visual
  • Spatial
• Interpretative communication


  One-way communication where the receiver interprets the message in its original form
• Presentational communication


  One-way communication where the sender presents information to an audience
• Interpersonal communication


  Two-way communication involving active negotiation of meaning between individuals
• Effective communication is important in an organization to ensure information is properly understood
• Flaws in communication can lead to misunderstandings, inefficiency and poor decision making
• Parts of the communication process

  • Sender
  • Message
  • Channel of communication
  • Decoding
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
• Steps in the communication process

  1. Sender develops an idea

  2. Sender encodes the message

  3. Sender selects the communication channel

  4. Message travels through the channel

  5. Message is received by the receiver

  6. Receiver decodes the message

  7. Receiver provides feedback
• Tips to improve the communication process include simplifying the message and knowing your audience
• Communication process

  1. You speak

  2. The listener listens

  3. The listener speaks

  4. You listen
• Noise


  Anything that interferes with communication
• 4 Types of Noise

  • Physical noise
  • Physiological noise
  • Psychological noise
  • Semantic noise
• Physical noise


  • Interference that is external to both speaker and listener; it hampers the physical transmission of the signal or message
• Examples of physical noise


  • Loud party at the neighbors while you're trying to record
  • Loud kids who don't want to take their nap
  • Irritating hum of your computer, air conditioner, or heater
• Physiological noise


  • Barriers within the sender or receiver
• Examples of physiological noise

  • Articulation problems
  • Mumbling
  • Talking too fast
  • Talking too slow
  • Forgetting to pause
  • Forgetting to breathe
• Psychological noise


  • Mental interference in the speaker or listener
• Examples of psychological noise

  • Wandering thoughts
  • Preconceived ideas
  • Sarcasm
• Semantic noise


  Interference created when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems
• Examples of semantic noise

  • Jargon
  • Abstract ideas
• All communication contains noise. You can't get rid of the noise for every person who listens to you.
• 3 ways to reduce noise

  • Make your language more precise
  • Practice
  • Invite feedback
• Breathe, Ponder then Answer!
• Aristotle's Model of Communication


  The speaker plays a key role in communication. The sender prepares content to influence the listeners or the recipients, who would then respond in the sender's desired way.
• Berlo's Model of Communication


  Takes into account the emotional aspect of the message. Operates on the SMCR model: Source, Message, Channel, Receiver.
• Source (Sender)


  • Transfers information to the receiver after carefully putting his thoughts into words. Uses communication skills, attitude, knowledge, social system and culture.
• Message


  When an individual converts his thoughts into words. Comprises of content, elements, treatment, structure, and code.
• Channel


  The medium through which the information flows from the sender to the receiver (the five senses).
• Receiver


  Tries to understand what the sender wants to convey and then responds accordingly (decoding).
• Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication


  The most popular and widely accepted model. The message originates from the person who gets the thought or has the information (the source).
• Schramm's Model of Communication


  Builds on the Shannon and Weaver model. Emphasizes the importance of encoding and decoding the message.
• Sender


  The originator of the message in the communication process