CELL REPRODUCTION (3)

• Cell division


  How cells reproduce (or replicate) themselves through the process of mitosis or meiosis
• DNA replication before cell division

  1. Double helix separates into two DNA chains

  2. Each chain serves as a template for constructing a new chain

  3. Individual DNA nucleotides are linked into new strands with bases complementary to those in the original
• Mitosis


  The equal division of material in the nucleus (karyokinesis) followed by division of the cell body (cytokinesis)
• Stages of mitosis


  1. Interphase

  2. Prophase

  3. Metaphase

  4. Anaphase

  5. Telophase
• Mitosis results in two daughter cells (exact duplicates), each containing 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 individual chromosomes)
• Meiosis


  The process that intermixes genetic material between homologous chromosomes, producing four daughter cells, each with the haploid number of chromosomes (23)
• Stages of meiosis (first division)

  1. Interphase

  2. Prophase I

  3. Metaphase

  4. Anaphase I

  5. Telophase I

  6. Interkinesis
• Stages of meiosis (second division)

  1. Prophase II

  2. Metaphase

  3. Anaphase II

  4. Telophase II
• Meiosis results in four daughter cells, each containing the haploid number of chromosomes (23)
• Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis lead to genetic variety in the resulting gametes
• Cytokinesis is the process that separates the cytoplasm into two new cells during mitosis or meiosis.
• Telophase is the final stage, where nuclear envelopes form around the two sets of chromosomes and cell division occurs to produce two daughter cells.
• Anaphase is the stage where chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers.
• Prophase is the first stage of mitosis, where the nucleus breaks down and chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
• Interphase is the period between one cell cycle and another, when the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
• Prophase is the first stage of mitosis, where the nucleus breaks down and chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
• Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis, where chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the cell.
• Prophase is the first phase of mitotic cell division, characterized by condensation of chromatin material into visible chromosomes and formation of spindle fibers.
• Prophase is the first phase of mitotic cell division, characterized by condensation of chromatin material into visible chromosomes and formation of spindle fibers.
• Metaphase is the second phase of mitotic cell division, where chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell.
• Interphase is the period between one cell cycle and another, when the cell grows and prepares for division.
• Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis, where chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
• Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the cell.
• Metaphase is the third stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
• Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the cell.
• Metaphase is the third stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
• what phase of mitosis is this?

  interphase

  A) centrioles

  B) nuclues

  C) nucleolus

  
• what phase of mitosis is this?

  prophase

  A) centrioles

  B) spindle fibers

  
• what phase of mitosis is this?

  metaphase

  A) chromatids

  B) centromeres

  C) metaphase plate

  
• what phase of mitosis is this?

  anaphase

  A) chromosomes

  
• what phase of mitosis is this?

  telophase

  A) nuclear membrane

  
• part of chromosomes where sister chromatids are held together

  centromere
• strands of replicated chromosomes

  chromatids