Key Notes

• Vasopressin (ADH): regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
• Oxytocin: stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, and helps promote bonding between mothers and infants
• Estrogen and Progesterone: responsible for female sexual development and function, and help regulate the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and bone density.
• Testosterone: responsible for male sexual development and function, and helps regulate bone density, muscle mass, and red blood cell production.
• Glucagon: raises blood sugar levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and the release of glucose into the bloodstream.
• Insulin: regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells, and helps store excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
• Epinephrine and Norepinephrine: also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline, these hormones help the body respond to stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels.
• Aldosterone: regulates salt and water balance in the body by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys.
• Cortisol: helps the body respond to stress by increasing blood sugar levels, suppressing the immune system, and promoting the breakdown of fat and protein for energy
• Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): regulates calcium levels in the body by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing its absorption in the gut and kidneys.
• Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4): regulate metabolism and energy production in the body.
• Growth Hormone (GH): stimulates growth and development in children and adolescents, and helps regulate metabolism in adults.