Psychological Assessment 3

• Raven Standard Progressive Matrices


  A non-verbal intelligence test created to evaluate problem-solving abilities and abstract reasoning skills independent of language or cultural background
• Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)


  • Developed for use in homes, schools, and workplaces, as well as in laboratories
  • Had to be simultaneously short, attractive, robust, and valid
• Structure of the SPM test


  1. Made up of five Sets, or series, of diagrammatic puzzles exhibiting serial change in two dimensions simultaneously

  2. Each puzzle has a part missing, which the person taking the test has to find among the options provided
• The Standard test consists of 60 problems divided into five Sets (A, B, C, D and E), each made up of 12 problems
• The SPM was designated to cover the widest possible range of mental ability and to be equally useful with persons of all ages, whatever their education, nationality, or physical condition
• Over 40 studies dealing with the reliability of the SPM have been reported in the literature
• Internal consistency


  The concept of internal consistency adopted for the Progressive Matrices and Mill Hill Vocabulary tests is that which has informed tests constructed according to the Item Response rather than factor-analytic theory
• Test-retest reliability


  Reports of retest are contained in over 20 papers, with reliability correlations varying based on the time interval between tests
• Content validity

  The content validity of SPM, measured by the internal consistency of the test, varies markedly when different test items are considered
• Construct validity


  The Progressive Matrices has been described as one of the purest and best validity measures of g or general intellectual functioning available
• How to administer the SPM

  1. Can be given as an individual, self-administered, or group test

  2. Key requirements are to ensure test takers understand the task and that the test is administered consistently
• The SPM consists of 60 items arranged in five sets (A,B,C,D and E) of 12 items each, with each item containing a figure with a missing piece and alternative pieces to complete it
• The raw score is typically converted to a percentile rank by using the appropriate norms
• Interpretation of SPM scores

  Grade I "Intellectually superior" (95th percentile or above)<|>Grade II "Definitely above the average in intellectual capacity" (75th percentile or above)<|>Grade III "Intellectually average" (25th to 75th percentile)<|>Grade IV "Definitely below average in intellectual capacity" (25th percentile or below)<|>Grade V "Intellectually impaired" (5th percentile or below)
• OLSAT


  A test that measures an individual's ability to reason logically and think abstractly, including verbal, quantitative, and spatial reasoning skills
• Items were selected for the OLSAT based on meeting statistical criteria including appropriate difficulty, biserial correlation, and avoiding differential performance by group
• Scoring the OLSAT

  1. Raw scores are converted to scaled scores, School Ability Indexes, percentile ranks, and stanines

  2. Cluster analysis determines whether performance on each cluster is Below Average, Average, or Above Average
• Raw scores


  The number of questions answered correctly, providing little information on the level or quality of performance
• Scaled scores


  Link together all levels of the test, allowing for comparison of performance across different test levels
• Norms for OLSAT performance are available by age, allowing a student's score to be compared to others of the same age
• Scaled Scores

  The scaled score system for the Otis-Lennon School Ability Test links together all of the levels of the test, yielding a continuous scale that makes it possible to compare the performance of students taking different levels of the test. Once a raw score has been converted to its corresponding scaled score, you need no longer be concerned with the level that was taken when you obtain the SAI or the grade-based percentile rank, stanine, or NCE for that score. This makes scaled scores especially suitable for comparing scores from different levels of the test, for studying change in performance over time, and for testing out of level.
• Norms for Performance by Age


  A student's test score is compared with scores of students of the same age in the standardization programs, regardless of their grade placement. Three age-based derived scores are available.
• Norms for Performance by Grade


  A second general frame of reference for interpreting OLSAT scores is the score distribution of students classified by grade.
• 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)


  A personality factor questionnaire developed by Dr. Raymond Cattell in 1949.
• 16PF


  • It is a standardized personality test that measures 16 primary personality factors and 5 global personality factors
• Cattell's taxonomy


  16 different personality traits that could be used to describe and explain individual differences between people's personalities
• Moderate to good reliability rating has been reported for the 16 PF. Based on a sample of 10,261 individuals, Internal Consistency reliabilities are on average 0.76 for the primary scales and range of 0.68 to 0.87 for all 16 scales. The test-retest reliability over a 2-week period showed scores of 0.69-.087 for all scales and 2-month interval showed scores ranging from 0.56-0.79.
• Purposes of the 16PF

  • ASSESMENT IN CLINICAL SETTING
  • VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
  • PERSONAL SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT
  • RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
• 16PF assessment


  Reveals potential, confirms suitability and helps identify development needs. Establishes a fully rounded picture of the whole individual by measuring personality in both the professional and personal spheres.
• How to Administer 16PF

  1. Establish a comfortable rapport with examinees

  2. Give thoughtful attention to examinees' questions

  3. Reinforce the test objectives by telling examinees to be frank and honest in their self-descriptions
• Test Completion Time

  The test is untimed but examinees should be encouraged to work at a steady pace. Average test completion time is 35 to 50 minutes by pencil and 25 to 35 minutes by computer
• Scoring 16PF

  1. Hand-Scoring: Score the Test

  2. Convert Raw Scores to Sten Scores

  3. Calculate Global Factor Sten Scores

  4. Profile Sten Scores

  Computer Scoring: Use IPAT's mail-in scoring service, OnFax service, OnSite System software, or Online via NetAssess of 16PFworld.com services
• Response Style Indices

  Impression Management (IM), Acquiescence (ACQ), Infrequency Scale (INF)
• Global Factor Scales

  • Extraversion
  • Anxiety
  • Tough-Mindedness
  • Independence
  • Self-Control
• Primary Factor Scales

  • Factor A: Warmth
  • Factor B: Reasoning
  • Factor C: Emotional Stability
  • Factor E: Dominance
  • Factor F: Liveliness
  • Factor G: Rule-Consciousness
  • Factor H: Social Boldness
  • Factor I: Sensitivity
  • Factor L: Vigilance
  • Factor M: Abstractedness
  • Factor N: Privateness
  • Factor O: Apprehension
  • Factor Q1: Openness to Change
  • Factor Q2: Self-Reliance
  • Factor Q3: Perfectionism
  • Factor Q4: Tension