imc week 11

• Bibliographic Control


  Theory about all activities involved in creating, organizing, managing and maintaining the file of bibliographic records representing the items held in a library, archival collection, or the sources listed in index or database
• Activities of bibliographic control

  • Standardization of bibliographic description and subject access by means of uniform catalog code, classification systems, name authorities, and preferred headings
  • Creation and maintenance of catalogs, union lists and finding aids
  • Provision of physical access to the items in the collection
• Purpose of Bibliographic Control


  To list information sources in a systematic manner to enable us to become aware of what information is available and where it can be located
• Functions of Bibliographic Control

  • Provides access to materials
  • Encouraging research and development
  • Recording and expanding knowledge
  • As a guide in searching information
  • Vital elements in effective reference & information services
  • Encourage cooperation, exchange and sharing of information between institutions & nations
  • Avoid duplication in R&D
• Why we need to practice Bibliographic Control: Information explosion and information overload
• Problems faced in Bibliographic Control

  • Language barriers
  • Government - Political Stability & Economic problem
  • Geographical problem
  • High population issues
  • Changes of physical and human environments
  • Environmental problems - Global warming acid rains
  • Lack of Technical Skilled Staff (Experts)
• Levels of Bibliographic Control

  • Universal
  • National
  • Organizational
• Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC)


  An idea (conceptual) to be established to create a worldwide system aimed to control and exchange bibliographic information
• Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC)


  • Form a system that are acknowledged and accepted by all countries
  • Strengthen the responsibilities of National Bibliographic Agency
• Requirements for UBC at international level


  • Develop and decide the international standard in creating a bibliographic records
  • The bibliographic records must follow the international standard as in its content and its physical form
• Requirements for UBC at national level


  • Create the bibliographic record for every new publication issued in the country
  • Issue those records as soon as possible
  • Exchange those records with other country
  • Produce a retrospective national bibliography
• National Bibliographic Control (NBC)


  The idea is to do the process involves collecting and cataloging all materials in the country that have national value
• Objectives of NBC


  • To develop and strengthen NBC, it emphasize on planning of national library, documentation and archive infrastructure
  • To contribute to the nation's own library and information network
  • To build up the national library and archival collections
  • To be responsible within the nation for finding and recording of material for the benefit of the national library, information and archive system
• In Malaysia, the objectives of NBC are embedded in "Akta Penubuhan Perpustakaan Negara 1972 – Akta 80"
• Main functions of National Bibliographic Agency (NBA)

  • As center for National Depository and National Publication
  • Operate under the law/regulations/act – Legal Deposit Act
  • Agency for National Cataloging Center
  • Develop and maintain National Bibliography
  • Develop and maintain National Union Catalog
  • Prepare rules and regulations for cataloging
  • Experts in analyzing and indexing
  • In-charge for service to publisher. ~ Assigning ISBN, ISSN and CIP
  • Act as Center for Exchange (receive and delivery) the bibliographic records in any form
  • As National Serial Center
  • Registrations for serial publication in International Serial Data System (ISDS)
  • Maintain registry for serial publications
• In Malaysia, the National Library of Malaysia (Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia – PNM) is appointed as the National Bibliographic Agency
• Main functions of NBA in Malaysia

  • Act as Center for National Depository and National Publication
  • National Cataloging Center
  • National Serial Center
• The Deposit of Library Material Act 1986 guides the responsibilities of publishers in Malaysia to deposit locally published materials to the National Library of Malaysia as the National Depository Center
• Publishers in Malaysia that fail to deliver any library materials to the National Depository Center shall be guilty of an offence and shall be convicted with a fine not exceeding RM3,000
• Main responsibilities of the National Bibliography Center in Malaysia


  • To develop and maintain National Bibliography Malaysia
  • Responsible for preparation of bibliographic record for every title published in Malaysia
  • Responsible to facilitate information searching and retrieval
  • Maintaining National Union Catalog – KIK (Katalog Induk Kebangsaan)
  • Responsible for the maintenance of national bibliographic network and database and documentation services
  • Center for ISBN, ISSN, CIP – A unit offers services to publisher in Malaysia
  • Train staff to be experts in Cataloging, Index, and Analyzing Subject Content
• Services offered by the National Center for ISBN-ISSN-CIP in Malaysia


  • ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
  • ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)
  • CIP (Cataloging in Print)