WHEELERS CHAPTER ONE

• Cusp is an elevation or mound on the crown portion of a tooth making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface
• Tubercle is a smaller elevation on some portion of the crown produced by an extra formation of enamel
• Cingulum (latin word girdle) is the lingual lobe of an anterior tooth.
• Cingulum makes up the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface
• ridge is any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth and is name according to its locaation
• marginal ridge are those rounded borders of the enamel that form the mesial and distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars
• triangular ridges descend from the tips of the cusp of molars and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surfaces.
• buccal fissures are shallow grooves running parallel with the long axis of the teeth
• lingual fissure is a deep groove or furrow extending along the lingual side of the crown, usually between two cusps
• transverse ridge is the union of two triangular ridges crossing transversely the surface of a posterior tooth
• oblique ridge is a ridge closing obliquely the occlusal surfaces of maxillary molars
• fossa is an irregular depression or concavity
• lingual fossae are on the lingual surface of incisors
• central fossa are formed by the convergences of ridges terminating at a central point in the bottom of the depression where there is a junction of groove
• sulcus is a long depression or valley in the surface of a tooth between ridges and cusp
• developmental groove is a shallow groove or line between the primary parts of the crown or root
• example of the developmental groove found in the buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth are buccal and lingual grooves
• pits are small pinpoints of depression located at the junction of developmental grroves or at terminals of those grroves
• central pit is a term used to describe a landmark in the central fossa of molars where developmental groove join
• mamelon is anyone of the three rounded protuberances found on the incisal ridges of newly erupted incisors teeth
• maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth have one root only
• maxillary pre molar have two roots in most cases it is one buccal and one lingual
• maxillary molars have 3 roots and it is 1 mesiobuccal, 1distobuccal, and 1lingual
• line angle is formed by the junction of two surfaces and derives its name from the combination of the two surfaces that join
• the crown and roots of the teeth have been divided into how many parts?

  thirds
• the crown is divided into; incisal/occlusal, middle third, and cervical third
• the root is divided into cervical third, middle third, and apical third
• the junction of the mesial and labial surfaces is called mesiolabial line angle