Quizzes

• How is genu valgum commonly described?

  knock knee
• How would you describe the position of the ACL and PCL in relationship to the capsule and synovial membrane?

  Extrasynovial and Intracapsular
• Which of the following best describes the screw-home mechanism in open kinematic chain?

  External tibial rotation on the femur the last few degrees of knee extension
• If the tibia is fixed, how would you describe the arthrokinematics of the knee as the person rises from a full squat (ending at full knee extension)?

  Femur rolls anteriorly on the tibia, while gliding posteriorly
• What is the main function of the patella?

  Increase the moment arm of the quads
• Which type of force on the knee would cause tearing of the lateral collateral ligament?

  varus force
• When I extend the knee, which direction do the menisci move?

  anterior
• When is the oblique popliteal ligament most taut?

  in full knee extension
• What are the components of the rearfoot (aka "hindfoot")?

  Talus, calcaneus, and subtalar joint
• The cuboid and cuneiform bones together create what important structure in the foot?

  Transverse arch
• Which nerve provides innervation to the majority of the anterior compartment muscles?

  deep fibular n.
• What combined motions are referred to as "supination?"

  Plantarflexion, inversion, adduction
• What ligaments become taut in eversion of the subtalar joint?

  Tibionavicular & tibiocalcaneal
• What is another name for Chopart’s joint?

  Transverse tarsal joint
• What is the “windlass effect?”

  Lifting of the longitudinal arch due to the hyperextension of the MTP’s
• Why does the subtalar joint move into inversion (coupled with increased arch height) in late stance?

  To create a rigid lever for push off
• What structure is the main passive support for the medial longitudinal arch?

  plantar fascia
• During closed kinematic chain walking, what are the arthrokinematics when the ankle is moving in to dorsiflexion?

  Tibial anterior glide and anterior roll
• at which position would the patella have the most surface area contact with the femur

  80 degrees flexion
• the angle made by the femoral shaft and the tibial shaft, intersecting at midpatella is called

  Q-angle
• in CKC knee flexion, what are the arthrokinematics of the femur

  posterior roll, anterior glide
• which meniscus more likely to sustain an injury

  medial, less mobile
• what is the "evolute" of the knee

  migrating axis of rotation
• menisci moves what direction during knee flexion

  posterior
• ACL restricts what

  anterior tibial translation
• "nursemaid's knee"

  prepatellar bursitis
• chopart's joint separates what sections of the foot

  rearfoot and midfoot
• CKC talocrural plantarflexion

  tibial posterior glide and posterior roll
• what is the functional motion segment of the foot called

  ray
• what ligament is most taut in inversion and dorsiflexion

  calcaneofibular
• what point of gait is the ankle most plantarflexed

  end of push off
• when is the COM vertical displacement at its highest point in walking versus running

  at midfloat in running and midstance in walking
• what percentage of the gait cycle is spent in the stance phase during walking versus running

  60% in walking, 40% in running
• what point in the gait cycle would be most affected by a 10 extension deficit in the knee

  initial contact and heel off
• when are the vasti muscles most active during gait and is it concentric and eccentric

  early stance eccentric
• how does pelvic rotation in the horizontal plane in early stance phase compare between walking and running

  opposite iliac crest rotated posterior for walk and anterior for run
• the glute max becomes activated in late swing phase of walking gait. why is it active and what type of activation

  decelerates hip flexion; eccentric
• when does double-limb stance phase occur during the gait cycle?

  heel off
• how does ankle dorsi/plantarflexion help limit CoM vertical displacement at initial contact and toe off

  functionally lengthens the legs
• what is the normal maximal knee flexion ROM during gait and when does it occur

  60 degrees; mid swing