FINALSS

• It is used in determining the relative locations of points on the earths surface by measuring horizontal distances , differences in elevations and directions

  Topographic survey
• It shows the birds eye view of the landscape

  Topographic maps
• It shows the side view of the same landscape

  Topographic profiles
• Are an older mode of representing relief. They show orientation of slope, and by their thickness and overall densitu they provide a general sense of steepness.

  Hachures
• The elevations of important features and critical points such as road junctions, peaks, summit, sags, etc.

  Spot height
• Line resembling contours, but representing no actual elevations

  Form lines
• these are lines draw in on a map connecting points of equal elevation, meaning if you physically followed a contour line, elevation would remain constant.

  Contour lines
• Involves the use of shadows to emphasize the topography of a terrain

  Shading
• technique for creating relief maps, showing the topographic shape of hills and mountains

  Hill shading
• What is consider a large map scale in topographic mapping

  1 inch=100ft
• The small map scale in topographic mapping

  1 inch=1000ft
• Contour interval of .5 or 1

  Large scale flat
• Contour interval of 1 or 2

  Large scale rolling
• Contour interval of 2 or 5


  Large scale hilly
• Contour interval of 10 or 20


  Small scale rolling
• Contour interval of 20 or 50


  Small scale hilly
• dome shaped hill

  
• steep hill and ravine

  
• Gentle hill and ravine

  
• A method of showing relief on maps and charts by coloring different levels in different shades


  Layer tinting
• sometimes also denoted as global topography model or composite model


  relief or terrain model
• Used to emphasize the location of low and high ground. 


  Ridge and stream lining