cp.1 - ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• According to cosmic theory, the universe began with a singular explotion followed by a burst of inflationary expansion.
• Steady state theory states that the universe has neither beggining nor end.
• Steady state theory states that although the universe is expanding, it does not change its look overtime.
• Big Bang Theory was born of the observation that other galaxies are moving away from our own at a great speed, in all directions, as if they had all been propelled by an ancient explosive force.
• The word "planet" is derived from the Greek word "planetos" which means "wanderer".
• Mercury is closest planet to the sun.
• Name these:

  A) Sun

  B) Mercury

  C) Venus

  D) Earth

  E) Moon

  F) Mars

  G) Jupiter

  H) Saturn

  I) Uranus

  J) Neptune

  K) Pluto

  
• Mercury - The smallest of the eight planet
• Mercury has a rocky body without air or water
• Mariner 10 showed that Mercury is covered with craters like those on the Moon
• Venus - The brightest planet
• The reason why Venus is so bright is not just because it's so close to the us but also because it's entirely covered with clouds, which reflect most of the sunlight that hits them.
• Clouds of Venus are made of droplets of sulphuric acid which accounts for their yellowish tinge.
• Mars is about half the size of the earth, and about 50% further away from the sun than we are.
• Mars - is a planet/place where we might find life.
• Mars is commonly called as the Red Planet
• Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system
• Jupiter is primarily composed of phosphorus that is dredged up from lower down in the atmosphere by connection currents.
• Jupiter is a jovian or gaseous planet.
• There are 95 moons of Jupiter with confirmed orbits as of 5 February 2024.
• The 4 biggest Moon of Jupiter are called the Galilean satellites because they were discovered by Galileo 400 years ago.
• The most massive moons of Jupiter are the four Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto
• Saturn rings are made up of gasses
• On Earth, a dark line is seen at the ring of Saturn, this dark line is called as the Cassini Division.
• Saturn is over 9 times farther from the Sun than the Earth
• Saturn takes nearly 30 years to complete its orbit.
• Uranus - This planet was discovered by William Herschel
• Neptune is similar to Uranus in size and composition, and also color.
• Neptune takes about 165 years to go around the Sun
• Neptune finally completed one full orbit in July 2011 since it was discovered
• Neptune was predicted by French and founded by German Astronomer Johann Galle at Berlin Observatory.
• Pluto was reclassified in 2006 as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union, astronomy's governing body.
• Pluto also has moon and the largest is Charon.
• 2 Types of Planet

  • Terrestrial Planet
  • Jovian Planet
• The four terrestrial planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
• The four jovian planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.