topic 9

• As we live, we will encounter issues and problems
• This requires proper effort and processes to address and solve these problems
• The authorities such as the government need to figure out the best and most effective methods to overcome these problems
• They must refer to academicians, researchers, field experts, and experienced individuals on these issues to get the best answers
• Political Issue: Corruption


  • Transparency International (TI) Corruption Perception Index (CPI) in 2021 for Malaysia fell to 62 out of 180 countries
  • NINE reasons for corruption according to the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Agency (MACC)
• NINE reasons for corruption

  • Failure of administration
  • Conflict of interest
  • Lack of self-restraint
  • Lack of transparency
  • Lack of support and awareness of corruption
  • Bureaucratic red-tape
  • Lack of early detection
  • Lack of effort to curb corruption
  • Lack of enforcement
• Economic Issue: Poverty


  • The poor are considered the most vulnerable, most at risk in security, health, and income
  • Vulnerable groups consist of women, the elderly, the handicapped, the poor, youths, refugees, and immigrants
• Up to October 2021, around 262,888 Head of Households are considered to be hardcore poor, earning less than RM560 per month
• Health Issue: Covid-19


  • Use of vaccine is not new in Malaysia
  • Covid-19 pandemic has caused ‘vaccine hesitancy’ among some of the population
• Spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories led to ‘vaccine hesitancy’
• The experts in the medical field have refuted these misinformation
• Education Issues: Bullying


  • Bullying is a perennial issue in our schools
  • It causes mental anguish and injury to the victims, and in some cases it leads to death
• Factors of bullying


  • Peer influence
  • Once a victim of bullying
  • Personality disorder
  • Failure to manage emotions
  • Parental divorce
  • Spoilt and indulged by parents
  • For fun
  • Confirm one’s own strength
• Technology Issues: Online Addiction

  • The widespread use of the internet and ease of access has led to online addiction among children
• Effects of online addiction

  • Brain development disorder
  • Eyesight issues
  • Obesity
  • Loss of focus
  • Less sociable
  • Tantrum
  • Sleep deprivation
  • Body posture issues
• Mental Health Issues: Depression and Suicide


  • For the first seven months of 2021, there were 648 reported cases of suicide in Malaysia, an increase of over 50% compared to previous years
• This is caused by psychosocial and environmental issues, financial issues due to loss of employment and income, mental health issues such as depression, lack of social support, and drug abuse