NS 3

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Matter can be solid,liquid,gas and plasma
• There are different ways in which we can describe properties of a material. Eg. Flexible, strong, coloured, shiny, dull, stretchy, or rigid.
• The melting point of water is 0 degrees Celsius, The boiling point is 100 degrees celsius.
• When a liquid reaches its boiling point, the temperature of the liquid remains constant because all the heat energy being applied to the liquid is used to change the liquid into a gas
• KEYWORDSSSSS

  Fair test - A test in which the quality of the objects your gonna test are all the same

  Variable - factors that can change, are observable, and measurable
• A pure substance is a type of matter which exists in its most basic or purest form and cannot be broken down further.

  E.g water

  Types of pure substances E.C

  Elements - made up of the same atoms. Ex. Oxygen, hydrogen and gold

  Compounds - made up of different atoms (joined together by chemical bonds). E.x water, salt and carbon dioxide
• Mixture

  A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances
• Solute - substance that dissolves when making a solution

  solvent - liquid in a solution in which the solute dissolves in
• Chromatography is a method used for separating coloured substances into individual pigments. Chroma means colour graph means write in Greek.
• Primary colour are only made of one pigment and will not separate when mixed with water
• Secondary and tertiary colours are made up of more than one pigment and will separate into primary colours.

  The more soluble the pigment is, the faster it will move through the medium.
• Our tongue can sense five different tastes: salty, sweet, sour, bitter and umami (Savory)
• Acids

  • Taste sour
  • rough on skin
  • dangerous to taste or feel
  • corrosive (can burn/damage skin)
• Two strong acids:

  • Hydrochloric
  • Sulphuric
• Distillation - The process of separating a solution by boiling it so that the solvent evaporates and then cooling the vapourised solvent so that it condenses
• VARIABLES:

  Independent variables - factor that you are changing in the investigation

  Dependent variable - Factor that you observe in the investigation

  Controlled variable - the quantities that you want to keep the same
• Bases:

  Alkali - a base that is soluble in water

  • Taste bitter
  • feel slippery or soapy
  • dangerous to feel or taste
• Neutrals:

  Neither acids nor bases

  EXAMPLES:

  • Water
  • sugar/sugar solution
  • salt / salt solution
• Natural acids:

  • Citric acid, found in lemon juice and citric fruits
  • Ethanoic acid , found in vinegar
  • Lactic acid , found in sour milk
  • Carbonic acid , found in fizzy drinks
  • Oleic acid , found in olives
• Colour changes in litmus paper

  A) red

  B) red

  C) red

  D) blue

  E) blue

  F) blue