An application whitelist is a list of approved software applications or executables that are allowed to be present and run on a system.
The goal is to protect the environment from harmful malware and unapproved software that does not align with the specific business needs of an organization.
AppLocker Policy
AppLocker is Microsoft's application whitelisting solution and gives system administrators control over which applications and files users can run.
It provides granular control over executables, scripts, Windows installer files, DLLs, packaged apps, and packed app installers.
It is common for organizations to block cmd.exe and PowerShell.exe and write access to certain directories, but this can all be bypassed.