Exam 4 review

• orbital cavity contents


  extraocular m.

  globe (eyeball) and orbital fascia

  5 cranial n. (II-VII)

  ophthalmic vessels

  periorbital fat
• levator palpabrae superioris


  Opens the eye, lifts the upper eyelid; attached to superior tarsus CN III innervation
• superior tarsal m. with tarsal glands

  Lubricate the edges of the eyelids to prevent sticking
• orbicularis oculi, palpebral part

  Closes the eye, acts like a sphincter CN VII innervation
• what causes the eyelids to stay open

  the static tone of the superior tarsal muscle combined with the action of levator palpebrae superioris. This is in balance with the opposing tone of the orbicularis oculi muscle.
• anterior and posterior chamber of the eye contain


  aqueous humor
• vitreous body contains


  vitreous humor
• pupillary light reflex


  afferent limb: CN II (to brain)

  Efferent limb: CN III (motor)
• arterial supply of the globe

  ophthalmic a. (branch of internal carotid); supplies most of the orbit
• what nerves are found in the orbital cavity?

  CN II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
• semicircular canal of the ear detects what type of movement of the head?

  rotational movement by sensing the motion of endolymph
• by sensing the motion of endolymph

  otolith organs (utricle and saccule) by calcium carbonate crystals called otoliths
• scalene m. are innervated by

  branches of C3-C8
• scalene m. function


  together: stabilize the head and lift upper ribs

  individually: lateral flexion of the neck
• O/I of scalenes


  Anterior – T.P of C3-C6 to first rib

  Middle – T.P. of C1-C7 to first rib

  Posterior – T.P. of C5-C7 to second rib
• scalene m. not only aid in controlling the neck but also....

  respiration
• longus capitis/colli and rectus capitis anterior/lateralis function

  flexion of the head and cervical spine

  Inn: C1-C6 ventral rami

  BS: vertebral a., inferior thyroid a., ascending cervical a.
• suprahyoid function


  elevate the hyoid bone/ depress the tongue
• infrahyoid m. functions


  depress the hyoid bone

  innervated by: ansa cervicalis

  BS: superior thyroid and lingual
• ansa cervicalis is a branch off of what cranial n.

  X

  it loops over: internal jugular v.
• branches of the external carotid artery

  Some: superior thyroid a.

  Anatomists: ascending pharyngeal a.

  Like: lingual a.

  Freaking: facial a.

  Out: occipital a.

  Poor: posterior auricular a.

  Medical: maxillary a. (terminal branch)

  Students: superficial temporal a. (terminal branch)
• inferior thyroid a. is a branch off of

  thyrocervical trunk; along with transverse cervical and suprascapular a.

  also known as: ascending cervical a.
• cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis) is ventral rami of SN...

  C1-C4
• cervical plexus n.


  lesser occipital n. (sensory)

  great auricular n. (sensory)

  transverse cervical n. (sensory)

  supraclavicular n. (sensory)

  phrenic n. (motor)
• motor branches of the cervical plexus

  ansa cervicalis- C1, C2, C3

  phrenic n.- C3-C5
• pharyngeal constrictors


  Superior: medial pterygoid plate-> pharyngeal tubercle

  Middle: hyoid bone-> pharyngeal raphe

  Inferior: cricoid and thyroid cartilage -> pharyngeal raphe
• what n. innervates the pharynx

  CN X
• mylohyoid and digastric action and innervation


  elevate the hyoid bone

  CN V division 3
• thyrohyoid action and innervation


  elevates the larynx

  XII (hypoglossal)
• what nerves are involved in the reflex closure of airway during swallowing

  CN V division 3 (mandibular)

  X

  XII
• waldeyer's ring


  lymphatic tissue of the pharynx
• pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)


  unpaired, located on roof of pharynx

  base of sphenoid/ roof of pharynx
• palantine tonsils


  paired

  in oral cavity
• lingual tonsil


  collection of lymphatic tissue on the sides and base of tongue
• tubal tonsils


  paired, extensions of the pharyngeal tonsils, located around eustachian tube

  sides of pharynx
• fold


  muscle wrapped in mucus membrane
• torus tubarius 


  wraps eustachian tube
• ligaments of the trachea/ thyroid cartilage are

  cricotracheal ligament

  cricothyroid ligament

  thyrohyoid membrane

  vocal ligament

  vestibular ligament (superior to vocal)
• cricoarytenoid joint


  abducts and adducts the vocal folds
• posterior cricoarytenoid m. 


  abducts vocal folds