Head and Neck

• sternocleidomastoid contributes to ____ through elevation of the _____

  respiration

  sternum
• congenital torticollis (wryneck)


  unilateral shortening of SCM in development

  3rd most common muscular abnormality in infants

  treated with PT and sometimes surgery
• superficial neck muscles

  SCM

  trapezius

  platysma
• deep muscles of the neck

  longus capitis/ colli

  anterior/ middle/ posterior scalene

  rectus capitis lateralis

  rectus capitis anterior
• scalene muscles stabilize the head and individually do lateral flexion but also


  elevate upper ribs (contribute to respiration)
• suprahyoid muscles (4)


  under jaw

  muscles elevate the hyoid bone/depress the tongue
• infrahyoid muscles (4)


  STRAP muscles

  muscles depress the hyoid bone

  innervated by ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)

  BS from superior thyroid and lingual a.
• all suprahyoid bones insert on the

  hyoid bone
• all infrahyoid muscles insert on the

  hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage
• ansa cervicalis makes a loop on top of


  internal jugular v.
• external vs internal carotid arteries supply...

  external: face

  internal: has no branches and goes to the brain
• branches of the external carotid artery

  Some- superior thyroid

  Anatomists- ascending pharyngeal

  Like- lingual

  Freaking- facial

  Out- Occipital

  Poor- posterior auricular

  Medical- maxillary

  Students- superficial temporal
• terminal branches of the external carotid artery

  maxillary and superficial temporal arteries
• occipital artery runs near what m.?

  posterior digastric m.
• thyroid gland

  largest endocrine gland

  deep to sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

  pyramidal lobe- 50% (or less) of people

  between thyroid cartilage and trachea
• inferior thyroid artery branches from

  thyrocervical trunk
• innervation of the thyroid gland

  sympathetic: superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

  parasympathetic: laryngeal branches form CN X (vagus n.) to inferior plexus
• what does the L and R recurrent layngeal n. branch from and what do each loop under?

  branch from vagus n.

  L: under aortic arch

  R: under brachiocephalic trunk
• cervical plexus is made up of ventral rami from?


  C1-C4
• erb's point

  where cervical plexus n. pierce fascia to get to surface
• Lesser occipital dermatome C2


  behind ear and down to supraclavicular area
• great auricular n. dermatome C2-3


  SCM area
• Transverse cervical n. C2,3

  front of neck
• supraclavicular n. dermatome C3,4


  supraclavicular space
• motor branches of the cervical plexus

  Ansa cervicalis C1, 2, 3

  Phrenic n. C3-5
• anterior triangle of the neck

  between midline and sternocleidomastoid
• posterior triangle of the neck

  between sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
• nasopharynx is inferior to what bone


  sphenoid bone
• what cervical level separates the pharynx and esophagus

  C6 or cricoid cartilage
• ant/post relationship between larynx and pharynx

  larynx is anterior to the pharynx
• recurrent laryngeal n. is anterior to what recess

  piriform recess
• all pharynx muscles originate from what process

  styloid process of the temporal bone
• stylohyoid is innervated by

  CN VII (facial)

  contributes to elevating the hyoid bone during swallowing and phonation
• styloglossus is innervated by

  CN XII (hypoglossal)

  elevates and retracts the tongue
• stylopharyngeus is innervated by

  CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

  elevates the pharynx during swallowing
• superior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to what bone

  sphenoid bone
• middle pharyngeal constrictor attaches to what bone

  great horn of the hyoid bone
• Kilian's triangle

  transition from pharynx to esophagus
• what CN innervated the pharynx

  CN X (vagus)
• mylohyoid and digastric muscles contribution to swallowing

  elevate the hyoid bone via CN V (trigeminal) division 3