term 3 terms

• Nervous System


  Coordinating system that communicates between receptors and effectors to correct reactions to environmental changes
• Nervous system


  Brought about by electrical impulses travelling through the nerves, responds the fastest
• Endocrine system


  Brought about by hormones carried along the bloodstream
• Afferent neuron


  Detects changes in the external environment and within the organism
• Integration


  The central nervous system receives information and decides which effector needs to react to the stimuli
• Efferent neurons


  Brings about the appropriate responses (muscles and glands)
• Stimuli


  A physical or chemical change in the environment that can cause a response in an organism
• Receptors


  The senses in the body (sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch)
• Central Nervous System (CNS)

  Made up of interconnected neurons forming the Brain and the Spinal cord
• Meninges


  Three connective tissue membranes that protect and nourish the Brain and Spinal cord
• Cerebrospinal fluid


  A cushion between the second and third layer of the membrane
• Cranium


  Protection against mechanical injuries, made of 8 curved skull bones held together by sutures
• Sutures


  Immovable joints in the skull
• Vertebral column


  Made up of 33 irregular shaped vertebrae, surrounds the spinal cord and protects against mechanical injury
• Cerebrum


  The largest part of the brain, divided into two hemispheres, responsible for thinking, reasoning, and emotion
• Corpus Callosum


  A mass of myelinated nerve fibres that hold the two hemispheres together
• Gyri


  The folds on the surface of the Brain
• Sulci


  The grooves on the surface of the Brain
• Grey matter


  Appears as cytoplasm and neuroplasm in neurons
• White matter


  Consists of myelinated nerve fibres, it is fatty myelin
• Myelinated


  Neurons that have myelin
• Non-Myelinated


  Neurons that do not have myelin
• Cerebellum


  Receives sensory input from the motor region of the cerebrum, the eyes, muscles, and organs of balance
• Hypothalamus


  Controls the autonomic system and maintains homeostasis by regulating food intake, body temperature, etc.
• Optic chiasma


  The part of the brain where the optic nerves cross, important for the visual pathway
• Homeostasis


  Maintains a constant internal equilibrium
• Medulla oblongata


  The lowest part of the brain, serves as a pathway for impulses to and from the brain
• Spinal cord


  Elongated rod of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum
• Ganglion


  A small mass of neuron cell bodies, found mainly in the peripheral nervous system
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)


  Consists of tissue outside the CNS, made up of nerves linking the CNS to the receptors
• Somatic Nervous System


  Conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles, controlling voluntary muscular movement
• Autonomic Nervous System


  Conducts impulses from the CNS to involuntary muscles and glands
• Sympathetic Nervous System


  Works with adrenaline in emergency situations, increasing oxygen, glucose, and blood to skeletal muscles
• Parasympathetic Nervous System


  Enables the body to rest and digest, recovering from sympathetic stimulation
• Double Innervation


  Most organs are innervated by nerve fibres from both systems
• Antagonistic


  The effects produced by each system generally oppose each other
• Neuroglia


  Supports glial cells, makes myelin, and protects neurons
• Unipolar


  Afferent neurons that carry impulses from receptors to the CNS
• Bipolar


  Make up 99% of neurons in the body, receive impulses from sensory neurons
• Multipolar


  Efferent neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS to effectors