Preliminary

• Process by knowing particular information various source by applying various methods

  Inquiry
• Careful examination of a particular fast by looking into the evidence needed to clarify concepts

  Research
• 2 approaches

  1. Qualitative
  2. Quantitative
• Skills needed in research writing

  1. Reading
  2. Observation
  3. Communication
  4. Listening
  5. Watching
  6. Choosing
  7. Questioning
  8. Summarization
  9. Organizational
  10. Writing
• What - pertains to your research itself. Questionsthat are needed to be addressed.
• Why - refers to the purpose of doing the research
• Where - location of the research and where it will take place.
• When - time of the conduct of the study
• Experience - pertains to your previous involvements.
• Authority - ask experts in the specialized field some questions to be answered in your research.
• Deductive Reasoning - General to Specific
• Inductive Reasoning - Specific to General
• Scientific Approach - Inductive and Deductive combined to come up with a logical conclusion
• Research can be categorized in 5 ways:

  1. Importance
  2. Method
  3. Process
  4. Purpose
  5. Locale
• Basic research (knowledge specific) - learning a certain phenomena; merely advance the body of knowledg with no direction.
• Applied Research (Problem-specific) - involves systematic gathering of data, and applying it into various fields.
• Action Research - similar to applied research, a solution must be found in an instant.
• Analytical Research - makes use of evidences from various sources.
• Argumentative Research - makes use of evidence based on a stance or a point of view.
• Laboratory Research - Artificial and controlled environments.
• Exploratory Research - includes series of experimentations for testing.
• Library Research - Resources found in the different content of a library
• Field Research - conducting a research in a natural environment without modifying anything.
• Empirical - based on clear observations
• Logical - follows a procedure/data
• Cyclical - continues to seek answers to certain problems
• Analytical - analytical procedures is important
• Replicability - design and procedures are replicated to enable the researcher arrive at valid and conclusive results.
• Critical - careful and precise judgments
• As a researcher, you must have intellectual curiosity, prudence, healthy criticism, and intellectual honesty
• IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
• Key features of IMRaD

  1. Thesis can be condensed through this method
  2. Language should be plain, short, and concise
  3. Personal views and creative language are prohibited
• Introduction - Summarizes the study
• Method - what particular design is employed to obtain the data that will lead to the attainment of research objectives. It also provides an explanation of the research design and intervention.
• Results - presenting the findings of the study, whether in tabular or graphical form. Also considered as the essence of the paper.
• Discussion - analysis and interpretation of the results ane determines the strong points and weak points of the research. It also explains the implications of the paper and provides conclusions and recommendations.