final day

• Is Norway an EU member state?

  No, Norway is not an EU member.
• How many countries are in the EU?

  The EU consists of 27 countries.
• Which countries are excluded from EU membership?

  Countries like Norway, Iceland, and Switzerland are excluded.
• What is the role of the European Commission?

  The European Commission represents the EU as a whole, proposes legislation, and enforces EU laws.
• Who represents EU citizens in the EU institutions?

  The European Parliament represents EU citizens.
• How are members of the European Parliament chosen?

  Members are elected directly by EU citizens.
• What does the Council of the EU represent?

  The Council of the EU represents the governments of the member states.
• What is meant by EU Exclusive Competence?

  It refers to areas where only the EU can legislate and adopt binding acts.
• Name two areas of EU Exclusive Competence.


  Customs Union and Common Fisheries Policy.
• What is the right of withdrawal for consumers?

  Consumers have the right to withdraw from a purchase within 14 days of receiving the last part of their goods.
• What does Article 34 TFEU prohibit?


  Article 34 TFEU prohibits quantitative restrictions on imports between EU member states.
• When are selling arrangements not subject to Article 34 TFEU?

  Selling arrangements are not subject to Article 34 if they apply equally to all traders and don’t discriminate against foreign products.
• What is the mischief rule in statutory interpretation?

  The mischief rule seeks to understand the law's intention by identifying the "mischief" it was meant to remedy.
• What is inductive reasoning?

  Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations or cases.
• What does the Bolkestein Directive prohibit?

  The Bolkestein Directive prohibits certain national requirements that could hinder the freedom of services within the EU.
• What is shareholder liability in a public company?

  Shareholders in a public company have limited liability, meaning they cannot be held personally responsible for company debts beyond their investment.
• Under what condition can a company sue for misuse of trade secrets?

  A company can sue for misuse of trade secrets only if it can prove it took adequate measures to keep the information confidential.
• How many members are required for a private company?

  Private companies require fewer members, sometimes just 1.
• How many members are typically required for a public company?

  Public companies typically require a minimum number of members, e.g., 5.
• Who is responsible for recording and reporting data breaches under GDPR?

  The data controller is responsible for recording and reporting data breaches.
• What does processing of data under GDPR include?


  Processing includes activities like anonymizing or erasing data, and storing or using personal data for commercial purposes.
• What is legal syllogism?


  Legal syllogism involves drawing a logical conclusion based on a general rule and a specific case.
• How do examples 1 and 3 illustrate legal syllogism?

  Both show a legal principle applied to a specific case to reach a conclusion.
• What does customary law refer to?

  Customary law refers to guidelines for behavior that develop naturally in society and are accepted as binding.
• What is the maximum fine under GDPR for non-compliance?

  The GDPR can impose fines of up to 4% of a company’s global annual revenue for non-compliance.
• What are the requirements for a patent to be granted?

  The invention must not be part of the state of the art; it must be new and non-obvious.
• What is a false statement about mergers?

  The statement "The acquired company receives a contribution in exchange for the transfer of its assets and liabilities" is false; typically, all assets and liabilities are transferred without compensation.
• What rights do data subjects have under GDPR?

  Data subjects have the right to access their data and have it rectified, but they cannot erase the data themselves.
• What is the stance of European Competition Law on holding a dominant market position?

  Holding a dominant market position is not prohibited unless it is abused to eliminate competition.
• Is Ukraine a member state of the EU?

  No, Ukraine is not a member state of the EU.
• How are members of the European Parliament elected?

  Members of the European Parliament are elected by the citizens of the EU.
• What does the Berne Convention govern?


  The Berne Convention governs copyright law on an international level.
• What type of protection is available for mathematical models?

  No patent protection is available for mathematical models; trade secret protection offers confidentiality but no guaranteed exclusivity for 20 years.
• What can Jeroen seize for debt collection?

  Jeroen can only seize Mieke’s personal assets, including her shares in Stabilo.
• What does the principle of mutual recognition entail?

  Goods lawfully produced in one EU member state can be sold in any other member state without additional restrictions.
• What are considered quantitative restrictions under Article 34 TFEU?

  Import taxes and limits on imports based on domestic production are considered quantitative restrictions.
• What is copyright ineligibility regarding the taste of a dish?

  The taste of a dish is not eligible for copyright protection.
• What is the legislative function of the EU?

  The European Commission proposes legislation, the Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP) is the default, and the Council cannot adopt legislation without the Parliament's consent.
• What happens to a trademark that becomes genericized?

  A trademark that has become a common term for a class of goods or services loses its protection.
• What is the purpose of due diligence in a share deal?

  Due diligence allows the buyer to evaluate a company’s financial, legal, and operational aspects before completing the share deal.