characteristics & variety of living organisms

• movement is the ability of an organism to change positions
• respiration is the release of energy from the breakdown of glucose
• excretion is the ability to remove waste products of metabolism
• sensitivity is the ability to respond to surroundings
• reproduction is the ability to produce offspring
• growth and development is the permanent increase in size and dry mass
• nutrition is the process of taking in materials for growth, energy and development
• control of internal conditions is the keeping of bodily conditions like temperature, water content and carbon dioxide levels at a constant range
• In saprotrophic nutrition, the fungi will secrete enzymes out of their cells onto dead organism or organic matter. products of digestion are absorbed by the fungi. the enzymes will digest this organic material. when this happens outside the cell, it is known as extracellular digestion
• chlorella, amoeba and plasmodium are examples of protoctists
• photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy
• photosynthesis is

  carbon dioxide + water ---> glucose + oxygen
• animals are multicellular, have no chloroplast or cell wall, store carbohydrates as glycogen and feed on other organisms
• plants are multicellular, have chloroplasts and a cell wall made of cellulose, store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose and feed by photosynthesis
• fungi are multicellular, have no chloroplasts but have a cell wall made of chitin, store carbohydrates as glycogen and feed by saprotrophic nutrition
• protoctists are single cellular, they sometimes have chloroplasts and a cell wall, they don't store carbohydrates and feed by photosynthesis
• bacteria are single cellular, they sometimes have chloroplasts, they have a cell wall, they don't store carbohydrates and they feed by saprotrophic nutrition and photosynthesis
• eukaryotic organisms have membrane bound organelles
• prokaryotic don't have membrane bound organelles
• nucleus, lysosomes, mitochondria and vacuoles are membrane bound organelles
• animals cells, plant cells, fungi and protoctists are eukaryotic
• bacteria is prokaryotic
• What are the eight characteristics of living organisms?

  Nutrition, respiration, excretion, response to surroundings, movement, control of internal conditions, reproduction, growth and development
• Why is a chair considered non-living while a human is considered living?

  A chair does not exhibit the characteristics of living organisms, while a human does
• What does MRS GREN stand for?

  Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Excretion, Nutrition, Reproduction
• How do plants demonstrate movement?

  Plants grow in the direction of stimuli such as sunlight or gravity
• What is the definition of sensitivity in living organisms?

  Sensitivity is the ability of an organism to detect and respond to stimuli
• What are receptors?

  Receptors are specialized cells that detect stimuli in the environment
• What is the difference between excretion and egestion?

  Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste, while egestion is the removal of undigested food
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Where does aerobic respiration occur in cells?

  Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria
• What is the definition of respiration in living organisms?

  Respiration is the ability of an organism to carry out metabolic reactions that generate energy in the form of ATP
• What is excretion?

  Excretion is the ability of an organism to remove waste products of metabolism
• What are the eight characteristics of living things?

  Growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, metabolism, homeostasis, cellular organization, heredity, and adaptation.
• What are some examples of excretory substances?

  Urea and carbon dioxide
• What is nutrition in living organisms?

  Nutrition is the process of taking in materials for energy, growth, and development
• Why is it important to remove excretory products from the body?

  They can be toxic and harmful if accumulated in the body.
• What does control of internal conditions refer to?

  It refers to the ability of an organism to maintain homeostasis within narrow limits
• What are some examples of internal conditions that organisms control?

  Temperature, water, and glucose levels
• What are the features of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

  • Eukaryotic organisms:
  • Contain membrane-bound organelles (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria)
  • Examples: plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
  • Prokaryotic organisms:
  • Do not contain membrane-bound organelles
  • Example: bacteria