An act of Parliament can create liability for omission e.g. failure to provide a specimen of breath (s6 Road Traffic Act)
A Contractual Duty
Pitwood
A Duty because of a Relationship
Gibbins and Proctor
A Duty taken on Voluntarily
Stone and Dobinson
A Duty through an Official Position
Dytham
A Duty from Starting a Chain of Events
Miller
Duty of Doctors
Cases where doctors decide to stop treating a patient. If discontinuing treatment is in the best interests of the patient then it is not an omission which forms the actus reus.
