Humerus & Shoulder

• humerus = bone of the arm
• What does the humerus consist of?

  Proximal Articulation

  Body

  Distal Articulation
• Bursae- small, synovial fluid-filled sacs that relieve pressure and reduce friction in tissue; often found between bones and skin
• Subacromial Bursa - located under acromion and lies between deltoid muscle and shoulder joint capsule; one of largest shoulder bursae .
• What forms the shoulder girdle?

  Clavicle

  Scapula
• Proximal humerus is not a part of shoulder girdle
• Proximal humerus is part of the shoulder joint
• Scapulohumeral Articulation - "Glenohumeral" ; synovial ball-and-socket joint between glenoid cavity and humeral head
• Bursitis-inflammation of the bursa
• Dislocation - displacement of a bone from the joint space
• HIlls-Sachs Defect - impacted fracture of posterolateral aspect of the humeral head with dislocation
• During a AP Humerus ( Upright ) what is the patient position ?

  upright ; standing or seated
• What is the position of the IR during an AP Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  upper margin 1.5 inches above humeral head .
• What is the position of the part during a AP Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  slightly abduct arm

  supinate hand

  epicondyles parallel to IR .
• What are the breathing instruction for an AP Humerus ( Upright )?

  Respiration ; Suspend
• Where is the central ray for a AP Humerus ( Upright )?

  Perpendicular to midportion of humerus
• What is the evaluation criteria for an AP Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  Elbow and shoulder joint visible but slightly distorted due to beam divergence .

  Humeral epicondyles without rotation .

  Humeral head and greater tubercle in profile .

  Outline of lesser tubercle , located between humeral head and greater tubercle .
• What is the patient position of for a AP Humerus ( Recumbent )?

  Supine
• Where is the IR located during an AP Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  upper margin 1.5 inches above humeral head .
• What is the position of part during an AP Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  Elevate opposite shoulder to place affected arm in contact with IR .

  Supinate hand

  Extend elbow

  Epicondyles parallel with IR
• What is the breathing instructions for an AP Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  Respiration : Suspend
• Where is the central ray located during a AP Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  perpendicular to midportion of humerus
• What is the evaluation criteria for an AP Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  Elbow and shoulder joints visible but slightly distorted due to beam divergence.

  Humeral epicondyle without rotation .

  Humeral head an greater tubercle in profile .

  Outline of lesser tubercle , located between humeral head and greater tubercle .
• What is the patient position for an LAT Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  upright ; standing or seated
• Where is the location for the IR in a LAT Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  upper margin 1.5 inches above humeral head
• What is the position of part of a LAT Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  Internally rotate arm

  Elbow flexed 90 degrees

  Epicondyles perpendicular to IR

  Perform mediolaterally if fractured .
• What are the breathing instructions for a LAT Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  Respiration : Suspend
• Where is the central ray located for a LAT Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  Perpendicular to midpoint of humerus
• What is the evaluation criteria for a LAT Humerus ( Upright ) ?

  Elbow and shoulder joints visible but slightly distorted due to beam divergence.

  Superimposed humeral epicondyles.

  Lesser tubercle in profile on medial aspect.

  Greater tubercle superimposed over humeral head.
• What is the patient position for a LAT Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  Supine
• What is the position of the IR during a LAT Humerus ( Recumbent )

  upper margin 1.5 inches above humeral head .
• What is the position of part for a LAT Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  Abduct arm

  Medially rotate forearm

  Posterior aspect of affected hand against side

  Epicondyles perpendicular to IR
• When most people come in and have a humerus fracture where is it most likely located ?

  at the Surgical Neck
• What are the breathing instructions for a LAT Humerus ( Recumbent )?

  Respiration : Suspend
• Where is the central ray location for a LAT Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  Perpendicular to midportion of humerus
• The Surgical Neck is site of many fractures
• What is the evaluation criteria LAT Humerus ( Recumbent ) ?

  Elbow and shoulder joint visible but slightly distorted due to beam divergence .

  Superimposed humeral epicondyles .

  Lesser tubercle in profile .

  Greater tubercle superimposed over humeral head .
• What is the patient position for a LAT Distal Humerus ( Recumbent or Lateral Recumbent ) ?

  Recumbent or Lateral Recumbent
• Where is the location of the IR for a LAT Distal Humerus ( Recumbent or Lateral Recumbent )?

  close to axilla ; centered to humeral midline .
• What is the position of part for an LAT Distal Humerus ( Recumbent or Lateral Recumbent ) ?

  Elbow flexed

  Thumb turned up

  Lateral surface of humerus perpendicular to CR