the second civil war

• What is the term used for the divisions within the Parliament during the English Civil War?

  Parliamentary divisions
• Who was Denzil Holles?

  A moderate leader in Parliament known as part of the peace party
• What was Denzil Holles' stance on religious toleration?

  He opposed religious toleration
• What did Denzil Holles favor in terms of peace negotiations with the king?

  He favored negotiated peace with minimal terms
• What was the nature of the Political Independents?

  They were radical in nature and part of the war party
• What was the Political Independents' view on Scottish Presbyterianism?

  They disliked its authoritarianism
• What did the Political Independents want regarding religious toleration?

  They wanted considerable religious toleration for Protestant factions
• What were the Newcastle Propositions?

  A set of demands made to Charles I in July 1646
• What was the religious condition in the Newcastle Propositions for Charles I?

  He was to accept Presbyterianism in England for three years
• What did the Newcastle Propositions state about the militia?

  Parliament was to control the militia for 20 years
• What did the Newcastle Propositions guarantee regarding Parliament?

  The Triennial Act was to remain, ensuring regular parliaments
• How many Royalists were to be pardoned according to the Newcastle Propositions?

  Only 58 Royalists were to be pardoned
• What was Charles I's response to the Newcastle Propositions?

  He stalled his response and had no intention of agreeing
• What was the aim of the Political Presbyterians regarding the New Model Army?

  They sought to demobilize the New Model Army but keep a smaller force
• What did Denzil Holles declare about army petitioners?

  He suggested they were 'enemies to the state and disturbers of the public peace'
• How much money did Parliament owe the New Model Army?

  Parliament owed the army £3 million
• What was the purpose of the indemnity act sought by the New Model Army?

  To ensure soldiers would not be prosecuted for their actions in the war
• When did the New Model Army first petition Parliament for redress of their grievances?

  In March 1647
• What was the outcome of the New Model Army's petition in March 1647?


  Parliament condemned the petition
• What did the Commons accept in May 1647 regarding Charles' response to the Newcastle Propositions?

  They accepted his third reply, conceding Presbyterianism for 3 years
• Why did the New Model Army feel that Charles could not be trusted?

  They believed the terms were too lenient and he would not honor them
• What happened on 25 May 1647 regarding the New Model Army?

  The Commons voted to disband the New Model Army
• What significant meeting did the New Model Army hold in June 1647?

  They held a meeting at Newmarket to organize a more formal political structure
• Who led the General Council of the Army formed in June 1647?

  Fairfax led the council, dominated by Ireton and Cromwell
• What happened on 2nd June 1647 regarding Charles I?

  Charles was seized by the army and taken to their headquarters at Newmarket
• What was the Humble Remonstrance produced by the army on 4th June 1647?

  It stated they would not disband until their grievances were met
• What did the New Model Army present to Parliament on 5th June 1647?

  The Solemn Engagement, written by Ireton
• What action did the army take on 7th June 1647 regarding MPs?


  They drew up impeachment charges against 11 MPs, including Holles
• What was the Army's settlement plan published on 2nd August 1647?

  The Heads of the Proposals
• What did the Heads of the Proposals include regarding parliamentary elections?

  Regular biennial parliaments
• What was proposed regarding the army and navy in the Heads of the Proposals?

  Parliamentary control of the army and navy
• What did the Heads of the Proposals state about the appointment of great offices of the state?

  They were to be appointed by Parliament for ten years
• What was the religious settlement proposed in the Heads of the Proposals?


  It maintained the national church with bishops but no coercive power
• What was the Act of Oblivion proposed in the Heads of the Proposals?

  A pardon that exempted only a few royalists from punishment
• What happened on 11th November 1647 regarding Charles I?

  Charles escaped Hampton Court and went to the Isle of Wight
• What did Charles promise the Scots in December 1647?


  He promised to agree to Presbyterianism in England for three years if they helped him regain power
• What significant action did Parliament take in January 1648?


  They passed 'the vote of no address' and ended negotiations with Charles
• What was the significance of the Windsor Prayer Meeting in April 1648?

  It was where the NMA debated regicide for the first time
• What did Major-General Harrison reflect on during the Windsor Prayer Meeting?

  He reflected on biblical passages regarding the shedding of innocent blood
• How did the New Model Army view themselves during the second civil war?

  As 'God's instrument on earth'