Success?

• Social Control: Racial Segregation; Verwoerd: "Separate but Equal" - different from Malan's directly racist apartheid; belief in self-determination (integration hindered development) and wanted blacks' autonomy in their land governance
• Social Control: Racial Segregation; Vorster: Declared Bantustans independent, unrecognised globally (still economically and politically South Africa), harsh government backlash to Soweto uprising but was forced to relax some social control and dismantled petty Apartheid facilities, but tightened pass laws and allowed blacks to lease property in South Africa, but harsh contracts
• Political Control; Verwoerd: Sharpville massacre: Police fired on peaceful protesters and a ban put on PAC and ANC (harsh repressive treatment), wanted to leave commonwealth to be a republic (inequality would prevented rejoining) and left in 1961 despite not reaching 2/3 majority of the vote, he also lowered voting age and altered voting capacity to achieve desired results
• Political Control; Vorster: Black Consciousness movement, BCM, (Soweto uprising) all outdoor meetings (except sport) and 18 anti-apartheid organisations banned
• (White) Economy and Living Conditions; Verwoerd: 6% growth rate, 1960s-1970s, they had fantastic living conditions and affluent opportunities/jobs; health, education, and day-to-day luxuries increased significantly
• (White) Economy and Living Conditions; Vorster: Apartheid was becoming a huge financial burden
• International Relations/Security; Verwoerd: South Africa was unable to rejoin the commonwealth due to Apartheid (1961), he dismissed the International rejection of Apartheid
• International Relations/Security; Vorster: attempted positive relations with neighbouring countries post-independence, but went to war with Angola in October 1975, also there was international outrage at Steve Biko’s death and the BCM banning; increased sanctions and arms embargo led to government's recognition of Apartheid's failure, he rejected international isolationism due to South Africa's reliance on foreign investment
• International Relations/Security; Vorster: Refused UK's Marylebone Cricket Club tour to South Africa (because of a coloured cricketer from South Africa), leading to a sports boycott, to prevent isolation multinational sports allowed (different races teams - no mixed) and travelled widely to warm relations - few responded, those who did were bribed, Portuguese Revolution (end of Portuguese colonialism) prompted foreign policy review due to increased tensions with decolonised Africans
• International Relations/Security; Vorster: The Portuguese revolution (end of Portuguese colonialism) forced a review of foreign policy after the increased tensions with their now-decolonised African neighbours