2.5 - Biological Molecules

• What are biological molecules?

  Molecules found in living organisms, and are produced by cells.
• What are nutrients? 


  Substances that are needed for growth, repair and metabolism.
• Which of the following are biological molecules?

  • Potassium ions
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Sodium ions

  Carbohydrates

  Proteins

  Lipids
• What are carbohydrates made from?

  Carbon

  Hydrogen

  Oxygen
• The break down of complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates is carried out by enzymes in the mouth and small intestine
• Is starch a carbohydrate, protein or lipid?


  Carbohydrate
• Is glucose a monomer or polymer?


  Monomer
• Is glycogen a monomer or polymer?


  Polymer
• Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids bonded together. A protein is a polymer, all of the amino acids are monomers
• What are amino acids made up of?

  Carbon

  Hydrogen

  Oxygen

  Nitrogen
• Enzymes in the stomach and small intestine break down proteins into amino acids
• What is the difference between a fat and an oil?

  A fat is a lipid thats solid at room temperature

  An oil is a lipid thats liquid at room temperature
• What are lipids made up of?

  single glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid molecules
• Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen

  and oxygen
• Lipids are not polymers .
• Where in the body is responsible for breaking down lipids?

  Small intestine