slides

• What is process modeling used for?

  • To analyze processes
  • To document processes
  • To create processes
  • To make processes readily understandable using graphical notations
• What does BPMN stand for?

  Business Process Model and Notation
• What is the current version of BPMN?

  BPMN 2.0
• How does BPMN compare to flow charts or activity diagrams?

  BPMN has a richer notation compared to flow charts or activity diagrams.
• Who is BPMN designed to be understandable by?

  All business stakeholders.
• What are the main elements of BPMN?

  • Flow objects
  • Connecting objects
  • Events
  • Activities
  • Gateways
  • Sequence flows
  • Message flows
  • Associations
  • Swim lanes
  • Artifacts
  • Pools
  • Lanes
  • Data objects
  • Groups
  • Annotations
• What does a start event indicate in BPMN?

  A start event indicates the trigger of a process.
• What does an end event indicate in BPMN?


  An end event indicates the result of a process.
• What is a task in BPMN?

  A task is an activity that is not broken down to more detail.
• What does a sequence flow indicate in BPMN?

  A sequence flow indicates in which order the activities are performed.
• Provide an example of a process modeled in BPMN.


  • Booking a Flight
  • Fitness workout process:

  1. Change clothes
  2. Load exercise schedule
  3. Do exercises
  4. Check out
  5. Take a shower and change back
• What does a pool represent in BPMN?

  A pool represents the central entity or an external participant.
• What does a lane represent in BPMN?

  A lane represents a sub-partition of a pool or another lane; it is either a department or a role.
• Provide an example of a process involving a lane in BPMN.

  • Producing a Car
  • Meeting room reservation process:

  1. Employee makes reservation
  2. Catering brings beverages
  3. Catering cleans up after the meeting
• What is a sub-process in BPMN?

  A sub-process is an activity that can be described in more detail by a separate process diagram.
• What does a message flow indicate in BPMN?

  A message flow indicates the flow of the process across pools.
• What do message events indicate in BPMN?

  A start message event indicates a message being received, and an end message event indicates a message being sent.
• Provide an example of a process involving message events in BPMN.

  • Paying an invoice process:

  1. Financial department notified by operations
  2. Invoice sent to customer
  3. Customer pays invoice
  4. Financial institution transfers money
  5. Institution provides transaction information to the company
• What is a gateway in BPMN?

  A gateway has multiple outgoing sequence flows of which only one is taken.
• Provide an example of a process involving a gateway in BPMN.

  • Library process
  • Meeting room reservation process:

  1. Employee makes reservation
  2. Indicates if a beamer is needed
  3. Picks up and returns the beamer if needed
• What does a fork in BPMN indicate?

  A fork has multiple outgoing sequence flows of which all are taken in parallel.
• What does a join in BPMN do?

  A join can be used to close a fork.
• What is an inclusive gateway in BPMN?

  An inclusive gateway has multiple outgoing sequence flows of which one or more are taken.
• Provide an example of a process involving an inclusive gateway in BPMN.

  • Meeting room reservation process:

  1. Employee makes reservation
  2. Indicates if beverages and/or a beamer are needed
  3. Catering brings beverages if needed
  4. Material department installs and picks up the beamer if needed
• What do time events indicate in BPMN?

  A start time event indicates the begin time for a process to start, and an intermediate time event indicates the time that needs to elapse to continue the process.
• Provide an example of a process involving time events in BPMN.

  • Library reservation process
  • Recommendation emails process:

  1. System sends recommendation emails every Sunday evening
  2. Emails list books based on previous purchases
• What does a link event allow in BPMN?

  A link event allows jumping from one part of the diagram to another.
• What does a data object indicate in BPMN?

  A data object indicates data that is manipulated or accessed by an activity.
• What does a group do in BPMN?

  A group groups different elements of the diagram together, without affecting the flow of the process.
• What does an annotation provide in BPMN?

  An annotation gives additional information about the diagram or a specific element.
• Provide an example of a process involving an annotation in BPMN.

  • Online order process
  • Elements include:

  1. Flow objects
  2. Tasks
  3. Sub-processes
• What are the main functionalities of Use Cases?

  • Use Case diagrams denote interaction between a system and its users
  • They show hierarchical relations between functionalities of the system
• What does UML stand for?

  Unified Modeling Language
• What is the purpose of UML?

  It is a modeling language for object-oriented software used for the creation and documentation of software.
• What is the current version of UML?

  UML 2.4.1
• What are the main elements of Use Cases?

  • Actor
  • Generalization
  • Use case
  • Include
  • Extend
• What does an actor denote in Use Cases?

  An actor denotes a role a user plays in the system, usually a person or another system.
• What does generalization denote in Use Cases?

  A generalization denotes an “is a” relationship between two elements.
• Provide an example of generalization in Use Cases.

  • Surfer and Logged in user
  • Superclass and Subclass relationship
• What does a use case denote?

  A use case denotes a functionality of the system.