Organic analysis

• Alcohol - a molecule containing the -OH functional group. Primary alcohols can be identified by a distillation reaction with acidified potassium dichromate, causing a colour change from orange to dark green (produces an Aldehyde). Secondary alcohol can be identified with a reflux reaction with a certified potassium dichromate, causing a colour change from orange to dark green (Produces a ketone). Alcohol is cannot be oxidised with acidified potassium dichromate so the solution remains orange.
• aldehyde - a molecule containing the C=O functional group at the end of the molecule which causes the formation of a silver mirror when reacted with Tollens reagent
• alkene - molecule containing the C=C functional group. Alkane cause bromine water to decolourise.
• carboxylic acids - a molecule containing the COOH functional group. carboxylic acid react with sodium carbonate causing Effervescence and the production of carbon dioxide (turns limewater cloudy)
• fingerprint region - the region on an IR spectrum below 1500 cm which is unique to each molecule
• infrared spectroscopy - technique used to identified particular bonds and functional groups within a molecule. Infrared spectrometry can also be used to identify impurities.
• mass spectrometer - gives accurate information about relative isotopic masses and also about the relative abundance of isotopes
• mass spectrometry - a technique used to identify compounds and determine relative molecular mass
• molecular formula - the total number of of atoms in each element in the compound
• relative atomic mass - the average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon 12
• relative molecular mass - the average mass of one molecule of an element or compound compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
• wave number - represents the energy and frequency of infrared radiation absorbed by a bond in a molecule. This is the X axis and IR spectra