skull

• Becomes

  rounder, bigger

  • room for growing brain
• Why does face become flatter

  Cranium becomes bigger
• why does jaw reduce in size

  diet changes
• why does chin develop

  allow teeth to fit in smaller space
• Reduction of zygomatic arch and no SC

  diet changes and no longer requires large jaw muscles that go with it
• hominids vs ape

  larger cranium

  more convolutions

  larger frontal lobe

  smaller olfactory centre
• Reduced prognathism

  less energy expediture in heads balance

  Less need for robust neck muscle to support head

  better vision

  Development of chin and greater range of vocalisation

  Better balance of head on top of vertebrae
• ape: foramen magnum

  closer to rear end of skull
• human: foramen magnum

  more central to base of skull