skeletal system

• What is the skeletal system composed of?

  A collection of bones and associative connective tissues
• What are the three types of connective tissues associated with the skeletal system?


  Ligaments, cartilages, and tendons
• What is the function of ligaments in the skeletal system?

  They connect bone to bone
• What role do tendons play in the skeletal system?

  They connect skeletal muscles to bones
• What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?

  Support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell production
• What minerals does the skeletal system store?

  Calcium and phosphorus
• What is hematopoiesis?

  The production of blood cells in the red bone marrow
• What is the connective tissue matrix of bone primarily composed of?

  Collagen and proteoglycans
• What is hydroxyapatite?

  A mineral matrix of calcium phosphate in bone
• What is osteogenesis imperfecta commonly known as?

  Brittle Bone Disease
• What causes osteogenesis imperfecta?


  Faulty genes resulting in little collagen formation or poor collagen quality
• What are the four categories of bone?

  Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones
• What are long bones?

  Bones of the upper and lower limbs
• What are short bones?

  Bones of the wrist and ankles
• What are flat bones?


  Some skull bones, scapula, and ribs
• What are irregular bones?

  Vertebrae and facial bones
• What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

  The long shaft of the bone
• What is the epiphysis of a long bone?

  The end shaft of the bone
• What is the metaphysis in a long bone?

  Where the epiphyseal plates are located and where bone growth occurs
• What is the periosteum?

  The outer layer of a long bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
• What does the endosteum do?


  Lines the medullary cavity and includes osteoblasts and osteoclasts
• What is the function of osteoblasts?

  They are responsible for the formation of bone
• What are osteocytes?

  Cells that maintain the bone matrix and are formed from osteoblasts
• What is the role of osteoclasts?

  They contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing existing bone
• What is bone reabsorption?

  The process when osteoclasts break down bones
• What is compact bone?


  Bone that forms the perimeter of the diaphysis and is denser than spongy bone
• What is an osteon?

  The structural and smallest unit of compact bone
• What does lamella refer to in bone histology?

  Rings of bone matrix that form concentric sheets or layers
• What are lacunae?

  Spaces between lamellae where osteocytes reside
• What is the function of canaliculi?


  They are tiny canals that transport nutrients and remove waste
• What is the central canal in an osteon?


  The center of the osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves
• What is spongy bone?

  Bone that is very porous and consists of delicate interconnecting rods called trabeculae
• What is bone ossification?

  The process of bone formation and hardening into bone
• What is intramembranous ossification?

  Bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membranes, primarily in the skull and clavicle
• What is endochondral ossification?

  Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline cartilage, replacing the cartilage model with bone
• What is the primary ossification center?

  The site of bone formation in the diaphysis of a long bone
• What is the secondary ossification center?

  The site of bone formation in the epiphysis
• What happens when the epiphyseal plate closes?

  It becomes an epiphyseal line and the bone will no longer grow
• What is bone remodeling?


  The removal of existing bone by osteoclasts and deposition of new bone by osteoblasts
• What are the steps in the bone repair process?

  Hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, and bone remodeling