vertebrates and invertebrates

• What type of environment do mosses need to live in?

  Damp places
• What type of covering do the leaves of mosses have?

  They do not have a waterproof covering
• How do mosses reproduce?

  By making spores
• How do ferns compare in size to mosses?

  Ferns are much bigger than mosses
• What features do ferns have that mosses do not?

  Ferns have strong stems, roots, and waterproof leaves
• Do ferns need to live in damp places?

  No, they don't have to live in damp places
• How do ferns reproduce?

  By making spores
• What type of leaves do conifers have?

  Thin, needle-like leaves
• What is a characteristic of conifers regarding their leaves?

  They shed leaves a few at a time throughout the year
• What type of reproduction do conifers use?

  They produce seeds formed inside cones
• What is a non-flowering plant?

  A plant that reproduces using spores-bearing
• What do flowering plants produce inside fruits?

  Seeds
• What is a characteristic of monocotyledons?


  They are not usually woody and have lots of veins in their leaves
• What distinguishes dicotyledons from monocotyledons?

  Dicots are often woody and have a network of veins in their leaves
• What is the smallest group used to classify living organisms?


  A species
• What can members of a species do?

  They can breed and produce offspring that can also reproduce
• What happens if two animals of separate species cannot successfully reproduce?

  They cannot have fertile offspring
• What is an example of two species that can produce offspring but are separate species?

  Horses and donkeys produce mules, which are not fertile

  
• What happens to a species when it goes extinct?

  It disappears from the Earth completely
• Why might a species die out due to environmental changes?

  It cannot change to cope with the new conditions
• Can one species breed with another species to help it survive?

  No, one species cannot breed with another species
• What was the dodo?

  A flightless bird that lived on Mauritius
• What caused the extinction of the dodo?

  Sailors ate the birds, leading to their extinction
• What is happening to polar bears due to climate change?

  The ice at the polar regions is melting
• How are polar bears adapted to their environment?

  They are adapted to living in the ice and snow
• What will happen to polar bear numbers in areas where the sea ice is melting fastest?

  Their numbers will continue to fall
• What are the two main categories of the animal kingdom?

  Vertebrate and Invertebrate
• What are the key characteristics that differentiate vertebrates from invertebrates?

  • Vertebrates:
  • With backbone
  • Internal skeleton
  • Support and protect
  • Invertebrates:
  • Without backbone
  • External skeleton
  • Soft bodies or skeletons (shells inside or outside)

  
• How are vertebrates classified based on temperature regulation?

  • Warm-blooded:
  • Mammals
  • Birds
  • Cold-blooded:
  • Fish
  • Amphibians
  • Reptiles
• What is a characteristic of warm-blooded animals?

  They maintain a constant body temperature.
• What are the main characteristics of mammals?

  Mammals breathe with lungs, produce milk, and have four limbs.
• How do mammals feed their young?

  Mothers produce milk to feed them.
• What is unique about the reproduction of the platypus among mammals?

  The platypus lays eggs.
• What are the key features of birds?

  Birds have feathers, wings, and lay eggs with hard shells.
• What is a common behavior of birds regarding their young?

  Many birds care for their young.
• What are the main characteristics of fish?

  Fish live in water, have scales, fins, and gills.

  
• How do amphibians differ from other vertebrates in terms of their skin and life cycle?

  Amphibians have smooth, moist skin and are born in water.
• What are the key characteristics of reptiles?

  Reptiles have dry, scaly skin and lay eggs with smooth shells.
• What are the main groups of invertebrates mentioned in the study material?

  • Worms (Annelida)
  • Sea anemones
  • Molluscs (soft bodies with or without hard shells)
  • Arthropods (segmented body, jointed legs, external skeleton)