Nervous system

• What is the primary function of the nervous system?

  To interact with the environment and coordinate the body's activities
• What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

  - Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord - Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves branching from the CNS to the rest of the body
• How does the nervous system transmit information?


  It uses electrical and chemical signals
• What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) include?

  All the nerves that branch out from the CNS
• What are the components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  The brain and spinal cord
• What are the main parts of a neuron?

  1. Cell body (soma) 2. Dendrites 3. Axon 4. Axon terminals 5. Myelin sheath
• What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?


  Dendrites receive signals from other neurons
• What is the role of the axon in a neuron?

  The axon carries signals away from the cell body
• What do axon terminals do?

  They connect to other neurons and send signals
• What is the function of the myelin sheath?

  It insulates the axon and speeds up signal transmission
• What are the three main types of neurons?

  1. Sensory neurons: Carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS 2. Motor neurons: Transmit signals from the CNS to muscles or glands 3. Interneurons: Connect other neurons within the CNS
• What type of neuron carries information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

  Sensory neurons
• What is the function of motor neurons?


  They transmit signals from the CNS to muscles or glands
• What do interneurons do?


  They connect other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord
• What are the major parts of the brain and their functions?

  1. Cerebrum: Higher functions like thinking and memory 2. Cerebellum: Coordination and balance 3. Brain stem: Vital functions like breathing and heart rate 4. Thalamus: Relay station for sensory and motor signals 5. Hypothalamus: Regulates temperature, hunger, and thirst 6. Hippocampus: Forms new memories
• What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

  It is involved in coordination, balance, and fine motor control
• What does the brain stem control?


  Vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
• What is the role of the thalamus?

  It acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals
• What does the hypothalamus regulate?

  Body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms
• What is the function of the hippocampus?

  It is crucial for forming new memories and spatial navigation
• What are the four lobes of the cerebrum and their functions?

  1. Frontal lobe: Executive functions like planning and decision-making 2. Parietal lobe: Processes sensory information related to touch and temperature 3. Temporal lobe: Processes auditory information and memory 4. Occipital lobe: Responsible for visual processing
• Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing auditory information?

  Temporal lobe
• What is the function of the occipital lobe?


  It is responsible for visual processing
• What part of the brain is involved in executive functions like planning and decision-making?

  Frontal lobe
• What does the parietal lobe process?

  Sensory information related to touch, temperature, and pressure
• What are the two main functions of the spinal cord?

  1. Transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body 2. Control reflexes without direct input from the brain
• What are the two main parts of the peripheral nervous system?

  1. Somatic nervous system: Controls voluntary movements and carries sensory information 2. Autonomic nervous system: Regulates involuntary functions - Sympathetic: "Fight or flight" response - Parasympathetic: "Rest and digest" functions
• What part of the nervous system controls voluntary movements?

  Somatic nervous system
• What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

  It controls the "fight or flight" response
• What does the parasympathetic nervous system regulate?

  It regulates "rest and digest" functions
• What part of the nervous system is responsible for reflex actions?

  Spinal cord