Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body

• atoms(colored balls) combine to form molecules


  chemical level
• molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, which make up cells

  cell level
• similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues

  tissue level
• different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary bladder

  organ level
• organs, such as the urinary bladder and kidneys, make up an organ system

  organ system level
• organs system make up an organism

  organism level
• six structural levels of the body

  chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
• the structural and functional characteristics of all organisms are determined by their _makeup

  chemical
• the _ of organization involves how atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules.

  chemical level
• molecules structure determine its function. EX. collagen molecules are strong, ropelike fibers that give skin structural strength and flexibility.

  true
• are strong, ropelike fibers that give skin structural strength and flexibility.


  collagen molecules
• with aging, structure of collagen changes, and the skin becomes fragile and more easily torn during everyday activities

  true
• basic structural and functional units of organisms, such as plants and animals.

  cells
• most cells contain smaller structures inside them, called

  organelles
• carry out particular functions, such as digestion and movement, for the cell. ex. the nucleus contains the cell's hereditary information and mitochondria manufacture ATP, a molecule cells use for a source pf energy.

  cell level
• manufacture ATP, a molecule cells use for a source of energy.

  mitochondria
• contains the cell's hereditary information

  mitochondria
• group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

  tissue
• the characteristics of the cells and surrounding materials determine the functions of the tissue.

  true
• 4 primary types of tissues

  epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue
• a tool

  organ
• composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions. ex. heart, stomach, liver, urinary bladder

  organ
• group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions

  organ system
• how many organ system do we have?

  11
• 11 organ systems in the body

  integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, female reproductive system, male reproductive system
• any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as bacterium, or of trillions of cells, such as human.

  organism
• is a network of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another

  human organism
•   smallest level

  chemical
•  

    - atoms, chemical bonds, molecules

  chemical
• basic units of life

  cells
•   -  cells: basic units of life

    -  compartments and organelles

                e.g., mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm

  cellular
• .  : 

    -  group of cells with similar structure and

            function plus extracellular substances they release

  tissues
•   -  two or more tissue types acting together

            to perform function(s)

   

  organs
•      - group of organs contributing to some function

       - e.g., digestive system, reproductive system

  organ system
•     - all organ systems working together

  organism
•    

      - includes associated microorganisms

             such as intestinal bacteria

  organism
• structures inside cells are called

  organelles
• this tissue is found in brain, spinal cord and nerves

  nervous tissue
• this tissue is found in cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle such as heart, muscle, and stomach

  muscle tissue
• this tissue is found in lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs, skin surface(epidermis)

  epithelial tissue