P2.2 CMCA

• What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy?

  11.3 to 15.8 kg (25 to 35 lbs.)
• What is the total weight gain range during pregnancy based on pre-pregnancy BMI?

  • Underweight (<18.5): 28-40 lbs (Single), 40-54 lbs (Multiple)
  • Normal weight (18.5-24.9): 25-35 lbs (Single), 37-54 lbs (Multiple)
  • Overweight (25.0-29.9): 15-25 lbs (Single), 31-50 lbs (Multiple)
  • Obese (>30.0): 11-20 lbs (Single), 25-42 lbs (Multiple)
• Why is increased calorie intake important during pregnancy?

  To supply energy for the fetus and sustain an elevated metabolic rate in the mother.
• What is the average recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calories for women of childbearing age?

  2,200 calories.
• How many additional calories are recommended during pregnancy?

  300 additional calories, totaling 2,500 calories.
• What happens if a woman restricts her carbohydrate intake during pregnancy?

  Her body will break down protein for energy, depriving the fetus of essential protein.
• What type of carbohydrates should women obtain their calories from during pregnancy?

  Complex carbohydrates.
• Why should sugar substitutes not be recommended for pregnant women?

  Because a pregnant woman needs sugar to maintain glucose levels.
• What is the easiest method to determine if a woman's caloric intake is adequate during pregnancy?

  Assessing if she is gaining weight.
• What is the RDA for protein during pregnancy?

  71 grams daily.
• What are the best sources of protein for pregnant women?

  Meat, poultry, fish, yogurt, eggs, and milk.
• What are complementary proteins?

  Incomplete proteins that, when cooked together, provide all essential amino acids.
• What is the recommended daily intake of omega-3 fatty acids for pregnant women?

  200 to 300 mg daily.
• Why are omega-3 fatty acids essential during pregnancy?

  They are necessary for new cell growth and cannot be manufactured by the body.
• What is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamin D during pregnancy?

  600 IU.
• What can a lack of vitamin D lead to during pregnancy?

  Decreased fetal and maternal mineral bone density.
• What is rickets, and how is it related to vitamin D deficiency?

  Rickets is characterized by growth stunting, bowed legs, and speech and language delays in newborns due to vitamin D deficiency.
• What is the role of vitamin A during pregnancy?

  Necessary for new cell growth, healthy skin, oral health, and vision in dim light.
• What are the consequences of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy?

  Tender gums, cracks at the corner of the mouth, and poor night vision.
• What are good sources of vitamin A?

  Dark green and yellow vegetables, liver, milk, butter, cheese, and eggs.
• What can excessive vitamin A lead to during pregnancy?

  Fetal malformations.
• What is the role of vitamin C during pregnancy?

  It is needed for the formation of collagen and improves iron absorption.
• What happens if there is a deficiency of vitamin C during pregnancy?

  It will lead to scurvy.
• What are good sources of vitamin C?

  Fresh vegetables and fruits.
• What is the role of folate during pregnancy?

  Necessary for red blood cell formation and to prevent neural tube defects.
• What are good sources of folate?

  Fresh fruits and vegetables.
• What can happen if there is inadequate folic acid during pregnancy?

  Megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects may develop.
• What is the recommended folic acid supplementation during pregnancy?

  0.4 to 0.6 mg.
• Why are calcium and phosphorus important during pregnancy?

  They are necessary for calcification of fetal bones and tooth formation.
• What is the recommended amount of calcium during pregnancy for older women?

  1,000 mg.
• What are good sources of calcium during pregnancy?

  Milk and milk products like cheese and yogurt.
• What is the role of iodine during pregnancy?

  Essential for the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine, necessary for overall body metabolism.
• What can happen if iodine intake is inadequate during pregnancy?

  Hypothyroidism and thyroid enlargement (goiter) can occur.
• What is cretinism, and how is it related to iodine deficiency?

  Cretinism is a condition that can lead to mental retardation due to inadequate iodine intake during pregnancy.
• What is the RDA for iodine during pregnancy?

  250 µg daily.
• What are the best dietary sources of iodine?

  Seafood and iodized salt.
• Why is iron necessary during pregnancy?

  To build increased red blood cell volume and protect against iron loss at birth.
• What is the RDA for iron during pregnancy?

  27 mg daily.
• How much iron does an average diet supply per 1,200 calories?

  About 6 mg of iron.
• If a woman eats a 2,200-calorie diet daily, how much iron does she intake?

  About 15 mg of iron.