SLT suggested learning occurs directly and indirectly
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Reinforcement which is not directlyexperienced but occurs through observingsomeone else being reinforced for a behaviour
What is vicarious reinforcement a key factor for?
Imitation
How does indirect learning take place?
An individual observes the behaviour of others
When does imitation only occur?
If the behaviour is seen to be rewarded
What is SLT described as?
The 'bridge' between behaviourism and the cognitive approach
Why is SLT described as the 'bridge' between behaviourism and the cognitive approach?
Focuses on how cognitive factors are involved in learning
What four mediational processes were identified by Bandura?
Attention
Retention
Motor Reproduction
Motivation
Attention
The extent to which we notice certain behaviours
Retention
How well the behaviour is remembered
Motor reproduction
The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour
Motivation
The will to perform the behaviour, often determined by whether it was rewarded/punished
What is attention?
The extent to which we notice certain behaviours
What is retention?
How well the behaviour is remembered
What is motor reproduction?
The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour
What is motivation?
The will to perform the behaviour, often determined by whether it was rewarded/punished
What do "Attention" and "Retention" relate to?
The learning of behaviour
What do "Motor reproduction" and "Motivation" relate to?
The performance of behaviour
Unlike behaviourism, the learning and performance of behaviour don't have to occur together
Observed behaviours may be stored by the observer and reproduced at a later time
What is identification?
Where people are more likely to imitate people they identify with
What is the process of imitating a role model?
Modelling
What is modelling?
Imitating a role model/the behaviour of a role model
When does a person become a role model?
If they're seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer and/or are attractive
What was Bandura's first study?
Recorded behaviour of children who watched an adult behave aggressively towards a Bobo doll
What was Bandura's second study?
Showed children videos where adults behaved aggressively towards a Bobo doll; Group 1 saw them praised, Group 2 saw them punished and Group 3 saw no consequence
Which aspect of SLT does study A illustrate?
Observational learning and imitation
What aspect of SLT does study B illustrate?
Vicarious reinforcement
What were the findings in Study A?
Children who'd observed an aggressive adult behaved more aggressively
What were the findings in Study B?
Group 1 showed more aggression, followed by Group 3 then Group 2
What is the Social Learning Theory?
A way of explaining behaviour including both direct and indirectreinforcement