HSB-KIDNEYS

• What system is the Kidney a part of?

  The urinary system
• How many kidneys does the human body have?

  2
• What is the Bowman's capsule surrounded by and where?

  A glomerulus in the cortex.
• THE NEPHRON (NOTE)


  It begins with a Bowman's capsule surrounded by a glomerulus in the cortex. It then loops down into the medulla and back up into the cortex with many other, it joins into a collecting duct and the collecting duct leads back through the medulla into the pelvis
• A kidney is divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla and a central hollow pelvis
• Bowmans Capsule surrounds the glomerulus
• Kidneys are composed of thousands of kidney tubules or nephrons in which urine is formed
• Where is the Loop of Henle located?

  In the Medulla
• The Nephron has 2 main types of tubules

  Proximal Convoluted Tubules and Distal Convoluted Tubules
• What does filtrate consist of?

  water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, salts, hormones, urea
• After filtration platelets and large molecules such as plasma proteins remain in the blood
• What is the function of the renal artery in the kidney?

  It carries blood to the kidneys for filtration.
• Why does pressure filtration occur in the kidneys?

  Due to the narrowing of the capillaries, small molecules are forced into Bowman's capsule.
• What is Bowman's capsule?

  It is the structure in the kidney where filtration occurs.
• What happens to the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubules?

  Selective reabsorption of useful substances occurs.
• Which substances are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules?

  Salts, vitamins, hormones, amino acids, and water.
• What is the role of the loop of Henle in the kidney?

  It is responsible for the reabsorption of water.
• After passing through the loop of Henle, where does the filtrate go next?

  It goes into the distal convoluted tubules.
• What occurs in the distal convoluted tubules?

  Selective reabsorption occurs again.
• What is the final structure the filtrate passes through before becoming urine?

  The collecting duct.
• What happens to urine after it is formed in the collecting duct?

  It goes down into the medulla and into the pelvis.
• How does urine exit the body after being stored in the bladder?

  It passes through the urethra.
• What is the pathway of urine formation in the kidneys?

  1. Blood enters through the renal artery.
  2. Pressure filtration occurs in Bowman's capsule.
  3. Filtrate passes through proximal convoluted tubules (selective reabsorption).
  4. Filtrate moves to the loop of Henle (water reabsorption).
  5. Filtrate continues to distal convoluted tubules (selective reabsorption).
  6. Filtrate enters the collecting duct.
  7. Urine goes to the pelvis, then through the ureter to the bladder.
  8. Urine is stored in the bladder and exits through the urethra.
• What is Dialysis?

  A medical procedure that filters waste products and salts and excess fluid through a membrane from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so.
• What happens when blood is taken from a patients arm by dialysis machine?

  blood is passed through the machine filtered and returned with a lower urea content
• What does the roller pump do?

  push blood through dialysis
• What does the Selectively permeable membrane do

  separates blood from dialysis fluid