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Biology
Cells and DNA
Cell division
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Created by
Xanthia Adam-Gedge
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Cell division involves
forming new cells
There are 2 main type of division:
Mitosis
–
one diploid cell dividing into two identical diploid cells
(
for the purpose of growth, repair and replacement
)
Meiosis
–
one diploid cell dividing into four haploid cells
(
non-identical – for the purpose of making gametes
)
For both types of division,
every chromosome
(DNA molecule) needs to be
copied
to then put
one copy in each new cell.
DNA replication:
DNA unzips and unwinds with the help of enzymes.
Free nucleotides in the nucleus join to bases on the DNA molecule that now have no partner using the complementary base pairing rule.
This continues down the molecule until the whole thing has been replicated.
There are now two identical DNA molecules.
*Mistakes can happen - mutations
Mitosis:
Formation of new somatic cells for growth, repair, and replacement.
This process is also used for
asexual reproduction.
From each diploid cell,
2 genetically identical diploid cells are produced.
Stages of mitosis:
PARENT CELL
DNA replication
(not mitosis)
Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
Chromatids separate, go to each end of the cell
Physical division of cell into two identical daughter cells
DAUGHTER CELLS
Meiosis:
Formation of new gametes
(
egg and sperm
) for
sexual reproduction.
From each diploid ovary or tests (
gonad
)
germline cell
,
4 haploid cells
are produced.
Stages of meiosis:
DNA replication
(not meiosis)
Chromosomes line up side by side in cell
First division splits number of chromosomes
Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
Chromatids separate and go to each end of the cell
Physical division two into four unique daughter cells
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