Early attachment AO3

• What is Bowlby's attachment theory criticized for being?


  Deterministic
• Who criticized Bowlby's deterministic view of attachment?


  Clarke and Clarke
• What do Clarke and Clarke suggest about individuals with a negative internal working model (IWM)?

  They are more vulnerable to having unsuccessful relationships later.
• What are the negative implications of assuming a cause-and-effect relationship in attachment theory?

  It can create self-fulfilling prophecies if people know their attachment status.
• What is a limitation of using self-report methods to assess the quality of relationships?

  It is subjective and can be affected by social desirability.
• Why is it difficult to retrospectively measure someone's internal working model?

  Because it is an abstract concept.
• What does the difficulty in measuring internal working models suggest about attachment theory?

  There are issues with the validity of measurement and the theory itself.
• What did Bailey's research on mothers and their one-year-olds find regarding attachment patterns?

  Mothers who had poor attachments to their own mothers repeated the pattern with their offspring.
• What does Koluchova's study of the Czech twins suggest about recovery from a poor internal working model?

  Children can recover from privation and develop stable relationships.
• What age range did the Czech twins experience severe abuse according to Koluchova's study?

  From 18 months to 7 years.
• What was the outcome for the Czech twins by their teens according to Koluchova's findings?

  They both recovered and were entirely stable, lacking abnormalities.
• What type of relationships did the Czech twins experience as adults?

  Warm relationships.