The Third Crusade
Cards (6)
- Who was Richard I supposed to marry, but actually ended up marrying?
- Richard I was betrothed to Philip's sister, Alice
- Richard I ended up marrying Berengaria of Navarre on May 12th 1191
- What effect did Richard I's marriage have?
- Richard I was forced to pay Philip 10,000 marks
- Therefore, Richard had to fund this money himself
- He sacked Sicily on October 4th 1190 to collect his sister's drowry and fund the crusade
- Frederick Barbarossa's problems reaching Outremer
- Isaac Angelus (Emperor) had reached an agreement with Saladin to delay the German journey
- Isaac went against the agreement they made in Sep 1188 - he prevented markets being set up, cut off German supplies
- As a result, he seized Plovdiv and won a victory against the Byzantines at Dhidimotikon on November 22nd 1189, using Adrianople as a stop for winter
- Isaac reverted to their agreement in Feb 1190 and crossed the Dardanelles in March
- Significance of Barbarossa's death
- Frederick either went for a swim or his horse drowned him in the River Goksu on June 10th 1190
- Some soldiers went home, others sailed to Tripoli and Antioch in 1190
- Those who made it to Acre in October 1190 were weakened and had minimal effect
- They were further demoralised when Frederick of Swabia died in January 1191
- Issue 2 - Rival claims to Jerusalem
- Conrad of Montferrat - Philip's cousin and held garrison at Tyre
- Guy of Lusignan - feudal of Richard at Poitou and married to Richard's cousin, Sibyl
- Strained the Crusade as Richard was denied entry into Tyre in June 1191
- Strained again when Acre was secured in July 1191, took 16 days to decide rule of the kingdom
- Issue 3 - European conflicts
- Philip returned to Europe on July 31st 1191, and began threatening Richard's border at Normandy in April 1192
- Richard received news in May 1192 that his brother, King John was conspiring with Philip against Richard - key reason why Jerusalem was never besieged
- These conflicts meant Richard chose to withdraw in September 1192