Sampling

    Cards (13)

    • target population
      large group of individuals the researcher is intrested in studing e.g. students in year 12
    • sample
      smaller group within target population
    • why do samples need to be representative
      to generalise findings (must match the characteristics of the target population e.g. ethnicity, gender, age)
    • random sampling
      all members of target population have equal chance of getting selected
    • +/- of random sampling
      + free from researcher bias
      - may be unrepresentative
      - difficult & time-consuming
      - selected Ps may refuse to take part
    • systematic sampling
      every nth person in the target population is selected e.g. every 5th house on a street
    • +/- of systematic sampling
      + avoids researcher bias
      + fairly representative
      - difficult & time-consuming
      - selected Ps may refuse to take part
    • stratified sampling
      sample reflects the prportions of people in sub-groups within target population
    • +/- of stratified sampling
      + avoids researcher bias
      + representative
      - starta can't reflect all ways Ps are different
      - difficult & time-consuming
      - selected Ps may refuse to take part
    • opportunity sampling

      select anyone who happens to be willing and able at the time of their study e.g. market research
    • +/- of opportunity sampling
      + convieniant
      - unrepresenative
      - researcher bias
    • volunteer sampling

      Ps selected themselves to be part of the sample - self selection
    • +/- of volunteer sampling
      + convenient
      - volunteer bias (keen-beans)
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