The cognitive approach

• Cognitive Approach


  A psychological perspective that emphasizes mental processes and internal states, focusing on how we process information and internal experiences influence behavior.
• Internal Mental Processes


  Mental activities that occur within an individual's mind, including thoughts, emotions, attitudes, beliefs, self-talk, and daydreaming.
• Inference


  A cognitive process of drawing a conclusion from incomplete or ambiguous information, including deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning.
• Computer models


  The process of using computer analogies as a representation of human thinking.
• Theoretical models


  They try to explain the way our mental processes work.
• Sensory Memory


  The first step in the memory process, information is temporarily stored in the receptors of the senses (e.g., eyes, ears)
• Short-Term Memory


  Also known as Working Memory, information is held in mind for a short period (seconds to minutes) with a limited capacity (7 ± 2 chunks of information)
• Long-Term Memory


  Capacity is virtually unlimited, information is stored for an extended period (minutes to lifetime), easy access requires retrieval cues
• Schemas


  A mental framework or structure that helps organize and make sense of information, influencing how we process and interpret new information
• Cognitive Neuroscience 


  The scientific study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes.
• PET scan


  A type of neuroimaging technique that uses small amounts of radioactive substances to visualize and measure the brain's metabolic activity
• fMRI


  A non-invasive neuroimaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to visualize and measure changes in blood flow in the brain