research methods

• What is the aim of a researcher?

  The researcher’s area of interest, such as investigating helping behaviour.
• What does a bar chart represent?


  A graph that shows data in the form of categories.
• What are behavioral categories in research?

  Key behaviors or collections of behavior that the researcher will pay attention to and record.
• What is a case study?

  An in-depth investigation of a single person, group, or event using various data sources and methods.
• What are closed questions?

  Questions with fixed choices of responses, such as yes/no.
• What are co-variables?


  The variables investigated in a correlation.
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparing a new test with another test of the same thing to see if they produce similar results.
• What does confidentiality mean in research?

  Participants have the right to expect that all data collected will remain confidential and anonymous.
• What is a confounding variable?

  An extraneous variable that varies systematically with the independent variable, affecting the dependent variable.
• What is content analysis?


  A technique used to analyze qualitative data by coding it into categories.
• What is a control group?

  A group that is treated normally to measure behavior without experimental treatment.
• What is a controlled observation?

  An observational study where researchers control some variables, often in a laboratory setting.
• What is correlational analysis?


  A mathematical technique to see whether scores for two co-variables are related.
• What is counterbalancing?


  A method to control for order effects in a repeated measures design.
• What is covert observation?

  An undisclosed observation where participants do not know their behavior is being observed.
• What is the purpose of debriefing?


  To reveal the true aim of the research to participants after the study.
• What does deception in research involve?

  Misleading participants about the purpose of a study.
• What is the aim of a researcher?

  The researcher’s area of interest, such as investigating helping behaviour.
• What does a bar chart represent?

  A bar chart shows data in the form of categories that the researcher wishes to compare.
• What are behavioral categories in research?

  Key behaviors or collections of behavior that the researcher will pay attention to and record.
• What is a case study?

  An in-depth investigation of a single person, group, or event using various data sources and methods.
• What are closed questions?

  Questions with fixed choices of responses, such as yes/no, generating quantitative data.
• What are co-variables in research?

  Variables investigated in a correlation.
• What is concurrent validity?

  It is the comparison of a new test with another test of the same thing to see if they produce similar results.
• What does confidentiality mean in research?

  Participants have the right to expect that all data collected will remain confidential and anonymous unless agreed otherwise.
• What is a confounding variable?

  An extraneous variable that varies systematically with the independent variable, affecting the dependent variable's outcome.
• What is content analysis?

  A technique used to analyze qualitative data by coding it into categories, converting it into quantitative data.
• What is a control group?

  A group that is treated normally to measure how people behave without the experimental treatment.
• What is a controlled observation?

  An observational study where researchers control some variables, often conducted in a laboratory setting.
• What is correlational analysis?


  A mathematical technique to see whether scores for two co-variables are related.
• What is counterbalancing?


  A method to control for order effects in a repeated measures design by varying the order of conditions for participants.
• What is covert observation?

  An undisclosed observation where participants do not know their behavior is being observed.
• What is the critical value in research?

  The value that a test statistic must reach for the hypothesis to be accepted.
• What is debriefing in research?


  Revealing the true aim of the study to participants after completing the research.
• What is deception in research?


  Misleading participants about the purpose of a study.
• What are demand characteristics?


  When participants try to guess the purpose of the research or present themselves in a favorable light.
• What is the dependent variable?


  The variable that is measured to determine the outcome of the study.
• What are descriptive statistics?

  Analysis of data that helps describe, show, or summarize data meaningfully.
• What is a directional hypothesis?

  A one-tailed hypothesis that states the direction of the difference or relationship.
• What is a dispersion measure?

  A measure that shows how a set of data is spread out, such as range and standard deviation.