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Psychology
Biopsychology
Neurones and Synaptic Transmission
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How do neurons transmit signals?
Neurons transmit
signals
electrically
and
chemically
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What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
Dendrites receive information from other neurons
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How do neurons transmit signals within the nervous system?
Neurons transmit
signals
electrically
and
chemically.
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What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
Dendrites receive information
from other neurons and send
nerve impulses
towards the
cell body.
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What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
The axon carries
nerve impulses away
from the
cell body.
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What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
The myelin sheath
insulates
and
protects
the
axon
and
helps speed up electrical transmission.
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What are the nodes of Ranvier?
They are
gaps
in the
myelin sheath
that force the
impulse
to
jump
across the
gaps
along the
axon.
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What do terminal buttons do?
Terminal
buttons send
impulses
to the next
neuron
across the
synapse.
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What is the synapse?
The
synapse
is the
gap
between one
neuron
and the
next neuron.
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How do receptors function in the nervous system?
Receptors
detect
changes
in the
environment
from a
stimulus
and produce
electrical impulses
in response.
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What is a reflex action?
A reflex action is an
automatic involuntary response
to a
stimulus.
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What is the role of sensory neurons?
Sensory
neurons carry
messages
from the
peripheral
nervous system to the
central
nervous system.
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What is the function of motor neurons?
Motor neurons
carry
nerve impulses
from the
central nervous system
to
effectors
such as
muscles
and
glands.
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Where are relay neurons found and what is their function?
Relay neurons are found in the
brain
and
spinal cord
and carry
nerve impulses
between
neurons
,
connecting sensory
and
motor neurons.
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How does a sensory neuron respond to a stimulus?
A
sensory neuron
sends an
electrical
impulse to a
relay neuron
located in the
spinal cord.
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What is synaptic transmission?
Synaptic transmission
is the process by which
neighboring neurons communicate
by
sending chemical messages
across the
synapse.
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What triggers the release of neurotransmitters?
The
electrical impulse
that has
traveled
down the
axon
triggers the
release
of
neurotransmitters.
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What happens to neurotransmitters after they are released into the synapse?
Neurotransmitters diffuse
across the
synapse
and are received by
receptors
on the
dendrites
of the next
neuron.
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What is the role of enzymes in synaptic transmission?
Enzymes are
released
to
break down
any
neurotransmitters
still in the
synapse.
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What is reuptake in the context of neurotransmitters?
Reuptake is the process where
excess neurotransmitters
are
reabsorbed
back to the
pre-synaptic
terminal.
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What does summation refer to in neuronal communication?
Summation refers to the
total
effect of
excitatory
and
inhibitory
influences on the
post-synaptic
neuron.
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How do excitatory neurotransmitters affect the likelihood of a neuron firing?
Excitatory
neurotransmitters increase the
positive
charge of the
post-synaptic
neuron, making it
more
likely to
fire.
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What is the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters on a neuron?
Inhibitory
neurotransmitters
increase
the
negative
charge of the
post-synaptic
neuron, making it
less
likely to
fire.
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How does the total effect of neurotransmitters influence neuronal firing?
If the total effect is
inhibitory
, the neuron is
less
likely to
fire
; if it is
excitatory
, the neuron is
more
likely to
fire.
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What are the steps involved in synaptic transmission?Impulse reaches the pre-synaptic terminal.
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