Asch conducted the line judgment study in 1951 to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person's conformity.
Asch's line judgment study aimed to investigate whether people would conform to a majority's incorrect answer in an unambiguous situation. It involved 123maleundergraduate students from the USA.
Procedure:
participants shown a standard line and 3comparison lines
had to identify which comparison line matched the standard line in length
each group consisted of 7-9 people, with all except one participant being a confederate, who gave incorrect answers on certain trials.
Findings:
naive participants gave a wrong (conforming) answer 37% of the time
75% of participants conformed at least once
25% of participants neverconformed
Asch's study suggests that people are willing to conform to an incorrectmajority opinion, even in unambiguous situations due to socialpressure.
Conclusion:
when participants were interviewed, most of them said they went along with the group despite knowing the conforming answer was wrong due to fear of social rejection.
a few of them said they did believe the group's answers were correct
Asch variations to see their effect on conformity included: group size, unanimity and taskdifficulty.
Group size:
Conformity increased with group size up to a point:
with 1 confederate, conformity was low
with 3 confederates, conformity rose to 31.8%
addition of further confederates made littledifference
Unanimity
Asch tested if the presence of another non-conforming person would affect the naïve participant's conformity
Found that the presence of a dissenting confederate reduced conformity by a quarter from the level it was when the majority was unanimous
The influence of the majority depends to some extent on the group being unanimous
Task difficulty
Asch made the line judging task more difficult by making the stimulus and comparison line more similar
He found conformity increased under these conditions
Suggesting informational social influence (ISI) plays a greater role when the task becomes harder because people are less confident in their own judgment
A weakness of Asch's study into conformity is that there are ethical issues. The participants were deceived into believing that the confederates were real participants and that the study was a vision test. The element of deception limits the study as information was withheld from the participants, meaning that they could not give fully informed consent.
A weakness of Asch's study into conformity is its low population validity. Asch only used 50male, Americancollege students. This means that his findings have limitedapplication as the findings may not generalise to other genders, ages or cultures because of the smallsample size. This limits Asch's study as it is likely that it isn't representative of the widerpopulation.
A limitation of Asch's study into conformity is that it lacks ecologicalvalidity. The study took place in an artificialsetting and the participants completed an artificialtask as part of a research study. This may have led to demand characteristics which undermine the validity of the findings. This limits the study because it means that the findings may not generalise to real-life situations. After all, conformity may be different.