Quiz 1

• Permeable

  A characteristic in which it allows liquid or gases to pass through.
• Selectively Permeable

  The cell membrane which allows some substances to pass through, but not others.
• Components of Cell Membrane

  • Phospholipid
  • Cholesterol
  • Integral Proteins or Receptors
  • Peripheral Proteins
  • Carbohydrates of: Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
• Phospholipids

  Main fabric of the membrane
• Cholesterol

  Dampens effects of temperature
• Integral Proteins (Receptors)

  Transport of substance through membrane
• Peripheral Proteins

  Component of cell membrane which functions for cell recognition
• Carbohydrates

  Are glycoproteins and glycolipids for cell recognition, effective interaction
• What do you call a representation of the cell membrane?

  Fluid-Mosaic Model
• What is the color "green in the illustration?

  Integral Protein

  
• What is the carbohydrates attached to the color blue component?

  Glycoprotein

  
• What is the component which is colored blue?

  Peripheral Proteins

  
• What is the component which is abundant in the cell membrane (yellow)?

  Phospholipid Bilayer
• What is the component with polygon-shaped body?

  Cholesterol

  
• What is the component of carbohydrate attached to the phospholipid?

  Glycolipids
• Transport Mechanisms

  The act or means by which molecules, ions, or substrates are transferred across a biological membrane, such as the plasma membrane, is referred to as transport in biology.
• Two types of Transport Mechanisms


  Passive Transport and Active Transport
• Passive Transport

  The diffusion of molecules with the concentration gradient, that is, from high to low concentration, in order to maintain equilibrium in the cells. 
• Passive Transport includes the following:

  Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion and Osmosis
• Concentration Gradient

  A physical state in which there is a range of concentrations of a single substance
• Diffusion

  A single substance tends to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across a space.
• Facilitated Diffusion

  Materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins
• Where does the material in the facilitated diffusion is attached first?

  The Glycoprotein receptors
• Osmosis

  The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane
• Osmolarity

  Describe the total solute concentrations of the solution
• Hypotonic

  The extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell where water enters the cell
• Hypertonic

  The extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cell's cytoplasm; water will leave the cell
• Isotonic

  The extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell; no net movement of water
• What type of osmosis is this?

  Hypertonic

  
• What type of osmosis is this?

  Isotonic

  
• What type of osmosis is this?

  Hypotonic

  
• Active Transport

  Requires the use of the cell's energy, usually in the form of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
• What are the two subcategories of active transport?

  Endocytes and Exocytosis
• Endocytosis

  A type of active transport that moves particles, such as large molecules, parts of the cells, and even whole cells, into a cell
• Types of endocytosis?

  Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
• Phagocytosis

  The process in which large particles, such as cells or relatively large particles are taken in by a cell
• What do you call the phagocytosis?

  Cellular Eating
• Pinocytosis

  A process that takes in molecules, including water, which the cell needs from the extracellular fluid
• What do you call pinocytosis?

  Cellular Drinking
• Exocytosis

  A process of repelling materials from the cell into the extracellular fluid