MIDTERM

• Why is understanding oneself essential?


  It helps in understanding behaviors and beliefs that affect ourselves and others.
• What are the benefits of self-understanding?


  • Provides a sense of purpose
  • Leads to healthier relationships
  • Helps harness natural strengths
  • Promotes confidence
• What does self and personality characterize?


  They define our existence and organize our experiences reflected in our behavior.
• What does the term 'self' represent?


  It represents the ideas people have about themselves.
• How do people behave in different situations?


  People behave differently in various situations but also show stable behaviors across circumstances.
• What is the etymology of the word 'personality'?


  • Derived from "persona" (theatrical masks)
  • Comes from "per" (through) and "sonare" (to sound)
• How is personality commonly defined?


  As relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that provide consistency and individuality to behavior.
• What role does personality play in people's lives?


  It affects how people shape their lives and cope with their environment.
• What components make up personality?


  • Physical self
  • Intelligence
  • Character traits
  • Attitudes
  • Habits
  • Personal discipline
  • Moral values
  • Principles and philosophies of life
• What are the determinants of personality?


  • Environmental Factors
  • Biological Factors
  • Situational Factors
  • Cultural Factors
• What do environmental factors of personality include?


  They include the neighborhood, school, workplace, and social circle of an individual.
• What are biological factors of personality?


  They include hereditary factors, physical features, and brain structure.
• How do hereditary factors influence personality?


  They describe the tendency of a person to behave like their parents.
• What role do physical features play in personality?


  They include height, weight, and body language, which can change over time.
• What do situational factors of personality do?


  They alter a person's behavior and response in different contexts.
• How does culture influence personality?


  Culture determines what a person is and what they will learn, shaping their behavior.
• What are personality traits?


  • Characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
  • Imply consistency and stability across situations
• What is the Five-Factor Model of personality?


  It includes five broad traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
• How are the Big Five traits related?


  • Scores on the Big Five traits are mostly independent.
  • A person's standing on one trait does not predict their standing on others.
• What is the acronym used to remember the Five-Factor Model?

  OCEAN
• What is the significance of Conscientiousness in college success?


  Highly conscientious individuals tend to study hard and manage their time effectively.
• What is self-concept?


  • Individual perceptions of behavior, abilities, and characteristics
  • A mental picture of who you are as a person
• What is the difference between self-concept and self-understanding?


  Self-concept is about individual perceptions, while self-understanding involves motives behind actions.
• What are the components of self-concept according to Richard Crisp and Rhiannon Turner?


  • Individual self
  • Relational self
  • Collective self
• What does the individual self consist of?


  Attributes and personality traits that differentiate us from others.
• How is the relational self defined?


  By our relationships with significant others like siblings and friends.
• What does the collective self reflect?


  Membership in social groups such as nationality or ethnicity.
• What is philosophy defined as?


  • The study of knowledge or wisdom
  • Derived from Latin roots: philo (love) and sophia (wisdom)
• Why is philosophy considered "The Queen of All Sciences"?


  Because every scientific discipline has philosophical foundations.
• What did Greek philosophers do regarding myths?


  • They questioned myths
  • They sought to understand reality through inquiry
• Who was Socrates?


  A philosopher from Athens known for his influence on European thought.
• What is the Socratic Method?


  It involves asking questions to clarify ideas and resolve inconsistencies.
• What was the foundation of Socrates' philosophy?


  The Delphic Oracle's command to "Know Thyself."
• How did Socrates view the self?


  As a dichotomous entity composed of the physical realm and the ideal realm.
• What are the two realms according to Socrates?


  The physical realm (changeable and imperfect) and the ideal realm (unchanging and eternal).
• How did Socrates define the human being?


  As composed of body (physical realm) and soul (ideal realm).
• What did Plato introduce regarding the self?


  A three-part soul/self composed of reason, physical appetite, and spirit.
• What is the role of reason in Plato's view of the self?


  To organize and control the relationship between the three elements of the self.
• How did Plato illustrate his view of the soul/self?


  Through the metaphor of a winged chariot drawn by two horses representing spirit and appetite.
• What did Augustine believe about the body and soul?


  He believed the body is different from the immortal soul and initially viewed it as a "cage" for the soul.