Major nutrients

• what are carbohydrates made up of ?

  carbon

  hydrogen

  oxygen
• what are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

  monosaccharides

  disaccharides

  polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides are composed of one sugar unit.
• Common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose
• monosaccharides

  absorbed into the small intestine

  provide the most energy
• Disaccharides are two sugar units linked together. 
• The most important ones in the diet are lactose and maltose. 
• Polysaccharides are chains of sugar molecules that contain more than 10 sugar units
• polysaccharides

  the most important ones are starch and cellulose, but hemicellulose and pectin are also polysaccharides. 
• What are the three types of carbohydrates?

  Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide
• What are the three elements that make up a carbohydrate molecule?

  Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
• What role do carbohydrates play in animal nutrition?


  They serve as a primary energy source and contribute to structural components.
• How do carbohydrates provide energy for animals?


  They are broken down into simple sugars, such as glucose.
• What is the significance of carbohydrates for herbivores?


  They rely on carbohydrates for sustained energy to carry out bodily functions.
• What are carbohydrates made of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
• What is the primary role of carbohydrates for animals?

  They are an important source of energy
• What are the three main types of carbohydrates?

  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• What are monosaccharides often called?

  Simple sugars
• Name three examples of monosaccharides.

  Glucose, galactose, and fructose
• What happens to most carbohydrates during digestion?

  They are broken down into glucose
• What effect does glucose have on blood sugar levels?

  It raises blood sugar levels
• Where are monosaccharides naturally found?

  In fruit and honey
• What are disaccharides formed from?

  Two monosaccharides combining
• Give an example of a disaccharide.

  Sucrose
• What is sucrose made from?

  Glucose and fructose
• What is lactose made from?

  Glucose and galactose
• What are polysaccharides and their functions?

  • Many monosaccharides joined together
  • Store energy
  • Provide cellular structure
• Name three common polysaccharides.

  Starch, glycogen, and cellulose
• Where is starch commonly found?

  In rice, cereals, pasta, and bread
• How is starch made in plants?

  From glucose in starch granules
• How does the digestion of starch compare to glucose?

  It takes much longer to digest
• What is glycogen and its role in the body?

  It is a store of energy made from glucose
• What happens when the body needs energy from glycogen?

  It breaks down glycogen into glucose
• What is cellulose made from?

  Beta glucose
• What is the role of cellulose in plants?

  It makes up the cell walls
• Can humans digest cellulose?

  No, humans cannot digest cellulose
• How is cellulose broken down in ruminants?

  By bacteria and protozoa in their gut
• What is the main source of energy for ruminants from cellulose?

  Fatty acids produced by bacteria
• What is the role of cellulose in other animals?

  It acts as a source of dietary fiber
• What is a polypeptide?

  A string of two or more amino acids