Chapter 3.5 (Tissues)

• This is the study of tissues?

  Histology
• are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function?

  Tissues
• There are four primary tissues types:

  A) Epithelial

  B) Connective

  C) Nervous

  D) Muscular

  
• Type of Tissue that is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity (epithe =laid on, covering)?

  Epithelium
• Type of epithelium that:

  Forms the outer layer of the skin, dips into and lines the open cavities of the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, and covers the walls and organs of the closed ventral body cavity.?

  Covering and Lining Epithelium
• Type of Epithelial tissue that:

  • Fashions the glands of the body?

  Glandular Epithelium
• Function of Epithelial Tissue?

  A) protection

  B) absorption

  C) excretion

  D) filtration

  E) secretion

  F) sensory reception

  
• SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIUM that:

  "Composed of closely packed cells with little extracellular material between"?

  Cellularity
• SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIUM that:

  'Adjacent epithelial cells are bound together to form continuous sheets by specialized contacts such as desmosomes and tight junctions'?

  Specialized contacts
• SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIUM that:

  Exhibits polarity by having an apical surface (upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ) and a lower attached basal surface

  All epithelia exhibit polarity, meaning that cell regions near the apical surface differ from those near the basal surface in both structure and function?

  Polarity
• Epithelium has a high regeneration capacity by replacing lost cells rapidly using what process?

  cell division
• Nourished by substances diffusing from blood vessels in the underlying connective tissue as epithelium are Innervated but?

  avascular
• Supported by the underlying connective tissue (reticular lamina) containing?

  collagen fibers
• A classification of epithelia (based on the number of layers) that is composed of a single-cell layer and can be typically found where absorption and filtration occur and a thin epithelial barrier is desirable?


  Simple
• A classification of epithelia (based on the number of layers) that is consisting of two or more cell layers stacked one on top of the other and is common in high abrasion areas where protection is important, such as the skin surface and the lining of the mouth?

  Stratified
• What are the two types of epithelia based on the number of cell layer?

  Simple and Stratified Epithelia
• In simple epithelia, classify the name of each surface

  A) Apical Surface

  B) Basal Surface

  
• In stratified epithelia, classify each surface

  A) Apical Surface

  B) Basal Surface

  
• 1. the surface of cells that is anchored in place and the bottom edge of the cell or tissue adjacent to the basement membrane.?

  Basal Surface
• 1.  The surface that is exposed. (also called as free surface) and can be in any place not just outside. (ex. the lining of stomach that is in contact to the food that we eat?

  Apical Surface
• All epithelial cells have ___ (somewhat irregular) sides?

  Six
• Apical surface view of an epithelial sheet looks like a representation of?and this polyhedral shape allows the cells to be closely packed

  honeycomb
• Type of epithelial cells that are flattened and scale like?

  Squamous
• Type of epithelial cells that appears to be box like? and is approximately as tall as they are wide?

  Cuboidal
• Type of epithelial cells that are tall and column shaped?

  Columnar
• Classify these epithelial based on their shape

  A) Squamous

  B) Columnar

  C) Cuboidal

  
• Simple epithelia - are easy to classify by cell shape because all cells in

  the layer usually have the same shape
• Stratified Epithelia - cell shapes usually differ among the different cell layers and is named according the shape of the cells in the apical layer.
• This epithelia's functions are:

  Concerned with

  1. absorption,
  2. secretion,
  3. filtration

  and protection is not one of their specialties?

  Simple Epithelia
• Classify this type of Simple Epithelia

  A) Simple Squamous Epithelia

  B) Simple squamous

  
• Classify this type of Simple Epithelia

  A) Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

  B) Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

  C) Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

  
• Classify this type of Simple Epithelia

  A) Simple Columnar epithelia

  B) Simple Columnar epithelia

  C) Simple Columnar epithelia

  
• Classify this pseudo stratified epithelia

  A) Pseudostratified columnar epithelia

  B) Pseudostratified columnar epithelia

  
• Type of epithelia (based on layers) contains two or more cell layers

  which main function is protection?

  Stratified Epithelia
• Classify thus stratified epithelia

  A) Stratified Squamous

  B) Stratified Squamous

  
• Type of Stratified epithelia that is:

  • Rare
  • Found mostly in the ducts of some of the larger glands

  1. Sweat glands
  2. Mammary glands

  Stratified cuboidal
• Type of stratified epithelia that is:

  • Found in limited distribution with small amounts in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts
  • Only its apical layer of cells is columnar

  STRATIFIED COLUMNAR
• Classify the type of epithelia

  A) Transitional epithelia

  B) Transitional epithelia

  C) Transitional epithelia

  
• Type of epithelia that is:

  • A gland consists of one or more cells that make and secrete (export) a particular product:
  • This product, called a secretion, is an aqueous (water based) fluid that usually contains proteins
  • Some release lipid rich or steroid rich secretion

  ●Secretion is an active process:

  • Glandular cells obtain needed substances from the blood and transform them chemically into a product that is then discharged from the cell

  Notice

  : the term secretion can refer to BOTH the gland’s

  product and the process of making and releasing that product

  Glandular epithelia
• Exocrine glands - more numerous than endocrine glands