Intraspecific Relationship

• Intraspecific competition includes member of the same species

  Commonly includes co-operative interaction as many lives in groups
• Lives in group and few in Solitary lives

  Only come to the bigger population during mating season
• In intraspecific Relationship,

  It is an organised group in which

  Breeding and Rearing Young

  Defence against the predators

  Access to food

  But forming and maintaining a group depends on

  Behavioural Adapatation - usually selected for

  May enhance survival and reproductive success
• The advantage of a group living must outweigh the disadvantages if the group is to continue
• Advantage of Intraspecific Relationship:

  Increase ability to spot predators - more ears (hear ) and eyes (see)

  Better defence (protection) for the youngs - defended inside the herd

  Easily Find food - Co-op hunting and foraging

  Mates are readily available

  Assistance fot rearing young

  Greater learning opportunities for youngs

  Population control = Access to food and mates

  Protection from Physical Env. (Penguins act as a barrier to their youngs)
• Disadvantage:

  Increase the rate of intraspecific Comp. if the group continue to get larger - competetion mainly for mates and food

  Lower health , lower reproductive success , increase (death) or mortality

  Increase rate of spreading deseases due to close contact

  Controlled access to mate - the weaker ones are not gonna be able to breed with the female
• Intraspecific Competetion usually occurs when there will be two limited resources - This is more severe than Interspecific competition.

  May provoke aggression - competition for mates
• Intra. Comp may also induce

  Agonistic behaviour which is a result to reduction of aggression

  Iinvolves Distinct posture (stant dominantly) or gesture or vocalisation (voice) = Which usually lead to weaker one to become submissive - back off

  This tend to be ritualised through dominant and submissive behaviours
• Intra. Comp may prevent through Hierarchies and reduce aggression
• Hierarchies is where each member inside the group have specific status which usualyy determines access to resources for

  Food (eat)

  Water (drink)

  Mates (<3)
• In hierarchies , only high ranked males have easy access for mating (fitter individuals) - Only the alleles of stronger anf can enter gene pool

  therefore increasing frequency in gene pool
• In heirarchies ranking are determined by combination of

  Age

  Expereicne

  size

  strength

  usually determined by the trial of strength - may change overtime hence many males attempt to get on top