sensory neurons: carry messages from PNS to CNS - long dendrites and short axons
relay neurons: connect sensory neurons to motor and other relay neurons - short dendrites and short axons
motor neurons: connect the CNS to effectors (muscle glands) - short dendrites and long axons
cell body: includes a nucleus, containing genetic material. The dendrites protrude from the cell body, carrying nerve impulses
axon: carries impulses away from cell body, covered in a fatty layer of myelin sheath that protests the axon and speeds up electrical transmission of the impulse
the myelin sheath is separated by 'nodes of Ranvier' that speed up the transmission of the impulse by forcing it to 'jump' across gaps
terminal buttons: communicate with the next neuron (synapse)
synaptic transmission
synaptic vesicles: hold the mitochondria
signals within neurons are transmitted chemically across the synapse
the presynaptic terminal triggered the release of the neurotransmitter
floats across the gap and the receptors catch the impulse